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Khakshour, Athare, Shakarami, Masoud, Nazeri Tahroudi, Mohammad, Karimi, Seyed Yaghoub. (1404). Predicting the Gray Water Footprint and Water Use Efficiency in Farms Using ML (Case Study: Lorestan Province). , (), -. doi: 10.22077/jwhr.2025.10040.1187
Athare Khakshour; Masoud Shakarami; Mohammad Nazeri Tahroudi; Seyed Yaghoub Karimi. "Predicting the Gray Water Footprint and Water Use Efficiency in Farms Using ML (Case Study: Lorestan Province)". , , , 1404, -. doi: 10.22077/jwhr.2025.10040.1187
Khakshour, Athare, Shakarami, Masoud, Nazeri Tahroudi, Mohammad, Karimi, Seyed Yaghoub. (1404). 'Predicting the Gray Water Footprint and Water Use Efficiency in Farms Using ML (Case Study: Lorestan Province)', , (), pp. -. doi: 10.22077/jwhr.2025.10040.1187
Khakshour, Athare, Shakarami, Masoud, Nazeri Tahroudi, Mohammad, Karimi, Seyed Yaghoub. Predicting the Gray Water Footprint and Water Use Efficiency in Farms Using ML (Case Study: Lorestan Province). , 1404; (): -. doi: 10.22077/jwhr.2025.10040.1187

Predicting the Gray Water Footprint and Water Use Efficiency in Farms Using ML (Case Study: Lorestan Province)

Water Harvesting Research
مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 14 مهر 1404
نوع مقاله: Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22077/jwhr.2025.10040.1187
نویسندگان
Athare Khakshour1؛ Masoud Shakarami* 2؛ Mohammad Nazeri Tahroudi2؛ Seyed Yaghoub Karimi2
1MSc Student, Department of Water Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
2Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
چکیده
This study aims to (1) evaluate the Crop Water Productivity (CWP) and gray Water Footprint (WFGray) for key agricultural systems in Lorestan province, Iran, to identify hotspots of inefficiency and pollution, and (2) develop and compare Machine Learning (ML) models for predicting these metrics to aid in management and forecasting. We calculated CWP and WFGray for major crops (including forage corn, wheat, beans, potatoes and vegetables) across multiple meteorological stations in Lorestan province. Furthermore, we employed two ML algorithms including Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to model and predict these indices. Model performance was evaluated using the Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The assessment revealed significant regional and crop-specific disparities. Forage corn was the most efficient and sustainable system (CWP: 2.173 kg/m³, WFGray: 0.05 m³/kg), whereas bean production was the least efficient (CWP: 0.064 kg/m³). Spatially, stations like Azna (potato) demonstrated best practices, while Kuhdasht was identified as a critical area of concern due to low efficiency and high fertilizer pollution. In modeling, the optimal algorithm was target-dependent: RF was superior for predicting CWP (MAE: 0.236), while SVM performed relatively better for the more complex WFGray. This study concludes that addressing water security and agricultural pollution in the region requires tailored, crop-specific interventions and improved farm management practices. Furthermore, while ML model (particularly RF) proves to be a powerful tool for forecasting water productivity, accurately modeling the environmental impact (WFGray) remains a challenge, highlighting the need for more robust data and further research in this domain.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Agricultural Water Management؛ Crop Water Productivity؛ Gray Water Footprint؛ Random Forest؛ Nitrogen Pollution
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تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 3


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