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پاسخ رشدی دو رقم کینوا به آبیاری بخشی ریشه در شرایط اقلیمی خراسان جنوبی | ||
| تنشهای محیطی در علوم زراعی | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 19، شماره 1، فروردین 1405، صفحه 79-99 اصل مقاله (862.52 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22077/escs.2026.8126.2306 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| اعظم گیدسکی1؛ سهیل پارسا* 2، 3؛ مجید جامی الاحمدی2، 3؛ علی ایزانلو4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشگاه بیرجند | ||
| 2عضو هیئت علمی گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه بیرجند | ||
| 3گروه پژوهشی گیاه و تنش های محیطی، دانشگاه بیرجند | ||
| 4دانشمند ارشد در موسسه علوم اقتصاد زیستی، اوکلند، نیوزیلند | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بهینهسازی مصرف آب در تولیدات زراعی مناطق خشک، ضرورتی انکارناپذیر برای پایداری تولید و حفظ امنیت غذایی به شمار میرود. در این راستا، استفاده از روشهای نوین آبیاری و انتخاب ارقام سازگار، میتواند نقش بسزایی در افزایش بهرهوری آب و بهبود شاخصهای رشد گیاهانی نظیر کینوا ایفا کند. بدین منظور و جهت بررسی اثر آبیاری موضعی ریشه بر پارامترهای رشدی دو رقم کینوا (تیتیکاکا و گیزا وان)، آزمایشی در سال ۱۴۰۰ در شهرستانهای بیرجند و سربیشه استان خراسان جنوبی بهصورت کرتهای خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی آبیاری در 9 سطح شامل، ۱۰۰درصد نیازآبی گیاه ، کمآبیاری بر اساس 75 و 50 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه بهصورت سنتی، آبیاری موضعی ریشه به صورت ثابت و بالاخره آبیاری موضعی ریشه بطور متناوب (یک در میان) در طرفین پشته، بعد از یک و دو دوره آبیاری؛ عامل فرعی شامل دو رقم کینوا (تیتیکاکا و گیزا وان) بود. نتایج نشان داد که پارامترهای رشدی در تیمارهای کمآبیاری موضعی ریشه بهطور متناوب، بعد از یک و دو دور آبیاری با ۷۵ درصد نیاز آبی، وضعیت مطلوبی داشتند. در صفاتی مانند وزن تر و خشک (بوته، خوشه و ساقه)، شاخص سطح برگ، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، حتی بر مقادیر این صفات در تیمار آبیاری کامل نیز برتری داشتند، اگرچه از نظر آماری اختلاف معنیداری مشاهده نشد. در مقابل، تیمار آبیاری سنتی با ۵۰ درصد نیاز آبی، موجب کاهش معنیداری در تمامی شاخصهای مورد مطالعه شد. رقم گیزا وان در اغلب صفات رشدی نسبت به تیتیکاکا برتر بود، بهویژه در منطقه بیرجند که شرایط خاک و آب مطلوبتری داشت. بهطور کلی، استفاده از رقم گیزا وان و کمآبیاری موضعی ریشه بهطور متناوب، بعنوان راهکار مؤثری در تولید پایدار کینوا در خراسان جنوبی و مناطقی کمآب با شرایط اقلیمی مشابه قابل توصیه است. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آبیاری بخشی ریشه؛ تیتیکاکا؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ گیزا وان؛ محتوای نسبی آب برگ | ||
| مراجع | ||
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