تأثیرات چند بعدی زعفران بر شاخص‌های فیزیولوژیکی انواع تمرینات ورزشی در مطالعات انسانی : یک مرور سیستماتیک

Akbari-Fakhrabadi, M., Najafi, M., Mortazavian, S., Memari, A. H., Shidfar, F., Shahbazi, A., & Heshmati, J. (2021). Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.), Combined with Endurance Exercise, Synergistically Enhances BDNF, Serotonin, and NT-3 in Wistar Rats. Rep Biochem Mol Biol, 9(4), 426–434. doi:10.52547/rbmb.9.4.426

Akbari-Fakhrabadi, M., Najafi, M., Mortazavian, S., Rasouli, M., Memari, A. H., & Shidfar, F. (2019). Effect of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and endurance training on mitochondrial biogenesis, endurance capacity, inflammation, antioxidant, and metabolic biomarkers in Wistar rats. J Food Biochem, 43(8), e12946. doi:10.1111/jfbc.12946

Allsopp, G. L., Britto, F. A., Wright, C. R., & Deldicque, L. (2024). The Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on the Acute Physiological Responses to Resistance Training: A Narrative Review. J Strength Cond Res, 38(11), 2001–2011. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004909

Anaeigoudari, F., Anaeigoudari, A., & Kheirkhah-Vakilabad, A. (2023). A review of therapeutic impacts of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents. Physiol Rep, 11(15), e15785. doi:10.14814/phy2.15785

Asvadi, R., Akbarnejad, A., & Soori, R. (2022). Evaluation of the effects of 9 weeks of aerobic exercise with and without saffron supplementation on liver enzyme AST and HOMA-IR in obese female patients with type 2 diabetes. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, 14(2), 121–135.

Bagherzadeh, A., Rajabi, Landi, Kh., & Mozhdeh. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise and saffron supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in obese women with type 2 diabetes. Physiology and Management Research in Exercise, 15(3), 123-140. (2023). The effect of aerobic exercise and saffron supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in obese women with type 2 diabetes. Physiology and Management Research in Exercise.

Bahrami, F., Pour, F. J., Hassanpour, M., Saki, M., Ebrahimzadeh, F., & Jafaripour, L. (2023). The effect of saffron and corrective exercises on depression and quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 79, 105038.

Chaki, B., Pal, S., Chattopadhyay, S., & Bandyopadhyay, A. (2025). Influence of puberty on high intensity exercise induced skeletal muscle damage and inflammatory response in sedentary boys. Sports Med Health Sci, 7(2), 116–123. doi:10.1016/j.smhs.2024.03.002

Cristina-Souza, G., Santos-Mariano, A. C., Lima-Silva, A. E., Costa, P. L., Domingos, P. R., Silva, S. F., . . . Osiecki, R. (2022). Panax ginseng Supplementation Increases Muscle Recruitment, Attenuates Perceived Effort, and Accelerates Muscle Force Recovery After an Eccentric-Based Exercise in Athletes. J Strength Cond Res, 36(4), 991–997. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003555

Dehghan, F., Hajiaghaalipour, F., Yusof, A., Muniandy, S., Hosseini, S. A., Heydari, S., . . . Azarbayjani, M. A. (2016). Saffron with resistance exercise improves diabetic parameters through the GLUT4/AMPK pathway in-vitro and in-vivo. Sci Rep, 6, 25139. doi:10.1038/srep25139

Doma, K., Burt, D., & Connor, J. D. (2021). The acute effect of a multi-modal plyometric training session on field-specific performance measures. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 61(7), 899–906. doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11603-7

Ghobadi, H., Abdollahi, N., Madani, H., & Aslani, M. R. (2022). Effect of crocin from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) supplementation on oxidant/antioxidant markers, exercise capacity, and pulmonary function tests in COPD patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 884710.

GHolami, H., Ghaedi, H., & Ghahramani, M. (2025). The Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance and Sprint Interval Training Combined with Saffron Extract on Cardiovascular Indicators in the Elderly. Journal of Sport Biosciences, 17(2), 79–92.

Halalkhor, F., Pourrahim Ghouroghchi, A., & Siahkouhian, M. (2025). The effect of saffron (Crocus sativus) supplementation and endurance training on lactate dehydrogenase levels, vitamin D, and clinical symptoms in outpatients with COVID-19. Feyz Medical Sciences Journal, 29(2), 149–156.

Harrison, D. C., Doma, K., Rush, C., & Connor, J. D. (2024). Acute effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on sprint and change of direction performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Sport, 41(3), 153–168. doi:10.5114/biolsport.2024.131823

Hassanvand, A., M., Pour, H., & Adab, A. (2020).  . (2020). Comparing the effects of different intensities of exercise training with saffron supplementation on metabolic balance in overweight and obese women. Yafat, 22(2), 160-176.

Hooshmand-Moghadam, B., Eskandari, M., Shabkhiz, F., Mojtahedi, S., & Mahmoudi, N. (2021). Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in combination with resistance training reduced blood pressure in the elderly hypertensive men: A randomized controlled trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 87(8), 3255–3267. doi:10.1111/bcp.14746

Hooshmand‐Moghadam, B., Eskandari, M., Shabkhiz, F., Mojtahedi, S., & Mahmoudi, N. (2021). Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in combination with resistance training reduced blood pressure in the elderly hypertensive men: A randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 87(8), 3255–3267.

Hormati, A., Piri, E., & Jafarnejadgero, A. (2025). The effect of rehabilitation exercises on the mechanics and physiology of transitional movements in people with type 2 diabetes: A review study. Studies of Body Posture and Sports Injuries, 2(2), –. doi:10.48308/posture.2025.235776.1029

Hormati, A. H., Piri, E., Jafarnezhadgero, A. A., Hormati, Z., & Imanibroj, S. (2025). A Review on the Effects of Rehabilitation Exercises on the Mechanics of Movements Transfer in Individuals with Knee Valgus. Journal of Paramedical Sciences & Rehabilitation, 14(1), 99–114. doi:10.22038/jpsr.2025.74607.2542

Hovsepian, A., Esfarjani, F., Bambaeichi, E., & Zolaktaf, V. (2021). The effect of high intensity functional training on the oxidative status, muscle damage and performance of basketball players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 61(2), 188–198. doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11094-6

Ilbeigi, S., Afzalpour, M. E., Yousefi, M., & Faizi, Y. (2023). The short-term effect of saffron extract consumption on the serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha and cortisol in young men after an intense exercise session.

Jakubczyk, K., Dec, K., Kaldunska, J., Kawczuga, D., Kochman, J., & Janda, K. (2020). Reactive oxygen species - sources, functions, oxidative damage. Pol Merkur Lekarski, 48(284), 124–127.

Kretschmer, R., Rodrigues, B. S., Barcellos, S. A., Costa, A. L., Cioffi, M. B., Garnero, A. D. V., . . . Griffin, D. K. (2021). Karyotype Evolution and Genomic Organization of Repetitive DNAs in the Saffron Finch, Sicalis flaveola (Passeriformes, Aves). Animals (Basel), 11(5). doi:10.3390/ani11051456

Lin, S. C., Wang, C. Y., Hou, T. H., Chen, H. C., & Wang, C. C. (2024). Impact of Fruit and Vegetable Enzyme Supplementation on Aerobic Performance and Lactate Response in Older Adults Following High-Intensity Interval Exercise Through Exergaming: Randomized Experimental Matched-Pair Study. JMIR Serious Games, 12, e52231. doi:10.2196/52231

Liu, Y., Liang, Y., Zheng, B., Chu, L., Ma, D., Wang, H., . . . Zhang, J. (2020). Protective Effects of Crocetin on Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Hepatic Injury: Involvement of Suppression in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Through Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther, 14, 1921–1931. doi:10.2147/dddt.s247947

Lopresti, A. L., & Smith, S. J. (2022). An examination into the mental and physical effects of a saffron extract (affron®) in recreationally-active adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 19(1), 219–238.

Maghouli, P., Afroundeh, R., & Pourrahim Ghouroghchi, A. (2025). The Effect of Eight Weeks of Saffron Supplementation Along with Resistance Training on Serum Leptin, Interleukin 6 and Insulin Levels in Overweight Men. Journal of Saffron Research, 13(1), 74–87. doi:10.22077/jsr.2025.9447.1279

Mesquita, P. H. C., Godwin, J. S., Ruple, B. A., Sexton, C. L., McIntosh, M. C., Mueller, B. J., . . . Kavazis, A. N. (2023). Resistance Training Diminishes Mitochondrial Adaptations to Subsequent Endurance Training. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2023.04.06.535919

Moeini Badi, F., Bathaie, S. Z., Borazjani, F., Hosseini, S. A., Sheikhi, M. A., Shariful Islam, S. M., . . . Rahimi, P. (2025). The effect of crocetin (a saffron carotenoid) supplementation on antioxidant and inflammatory indexes and serum leptin concentration in patients with coronary artery disease. Food Funct, 16(11), 4604–4614. doi:10.1039/d4fo03396e

Mojtahedi, S., Hooshmand-Moghadam, B., Rosenkranz, S., Shourideh, Z., Amirshaghaghi, F., & Shabkhiz, F. (2022). Improvement of inflammatory status following saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and resistance training in elderly hypertensive men: A randomized controlled trial. Experimental Gerontology, 162, 111756.

Mokhtarian, R., Rajabi, S., Zahedian, S., Jafarinejad-Farsangi, S., Hadizadeh, M., & Sadeghinejad, M. (2024). The effect of saffron and its extracts on the treatment of breast cancer: A narrative review. Ann Pharm Fr, 82(4), 629–640. doi:10.1016/j.pharma.2024.02.011

Murach, K. A., & Bagley, J. R. (2016). Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy with Concurrent Exercise Training: Contrary Evidence for an Interference Effect. Sports Med, 46(8), 1029–1039. doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0496-y

Murach, K. A., & Bagley, J. R. (2016). Skeletal muscle hypertrophy with concurrent exercise training: contrary evidence for an interference effect. Sports medicine, 46(8), 1029–1039.

Ouerghi, N., Abassi, W., Jebabli, N., Feki, M., Bouassida, A., Weiss, K., . . . Knechtle, B. (2024). Crocus Sativus Linnaeus (Saffron) intake does not affect physiological and perceptual responses during a repeated sprint test in healthy active young males. BMC Research Notes, 17(1), 246.

Porashnavad, M., Alizadeh, R., & Rezaeinezhad, N. (2025). The Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Crocin on Metabolic Indices, Oxidative Stress, and Blood Pressure in Overweight/Obese Women. Journal of Nutrition, Fasting and Health, 13(3), 197–205.

Rajabi, A., Akbar Nezhad Gharehlo, A., Madadizadeh, E., Basereh, A., Khoramipoor, K., Pirani, H., . . . Khoramipour, K. (2024). The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training with or without saffron supplementation on diabetes‐specific markers and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. European Journal of Sport Science, 24(7), 899–906.

Rajabi, A., Akbar Nezhad Gharehlo, A., Madadizadeh, E., Basereh, A., Khoramipoor, K., Pirani, H., . . . Khoramipour, K. (2024). The effect of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training with or without saffron supplementation on diabetes-specific markers and inflammation in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Sport Sci, 24(7), 899–906. doi:10.1002/ejsc.12125

Rajabi, A., Khajehlandi, M., Siahkuhian, M., Akbarnejad, A., Khoramipour, K., & Suzuki, K. (2022). Effect of 8 weeks aerobic training and saffron supplementation on inflammation and metabolism in middle-aged obese women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sports, 10(11), 167.

Saidi, K., Abderrahman, A. B., Hackney, A. C., Bideau, B., Zouita, S., Granacher, U., & Zouhal, H. (2021). Hematology, Hormones, Inflammation, and Muscle Damage in Elite and Professional Soccer Players: A Systematic Review with Implications for Exercise. Sports Med, 51(12), 2607–2627. doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01522-w

Seyed Ibrahim, H., Ali, A., Fatemeh, Sh. Kh., & Rahman, S. (2021). . (2021). The effect of aerobic exercise and oral consumption of Iranian saffron crocus on nesfatin-1 and omentin-1 in obese women with type 2 diabetes.

Shamim, B., Camera, D. M., & Whitfield, J. (2021). Myofibre Hypertrophy in the Absence of Changes to Satellite Cell Content Following Concurrent Exercise Training in Young Healthy Men. Front Physiol, 12, 625044. doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.625044

Sharafi, S., Hassanpour, G., & Noura, M. (2020). The effect of pilates training along with saffron consumption on body composition of female. Researches in Sport Sciences and Medical Plants, 1(1), 58–66.

Shei, R. J. (2018). Recent Advancements in Our Understanding of the Ergogenic Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training in Healthy Humans: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res, 32(9), 2665–2676. doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002730

Shojaei, M., Hammami, H., Eslami, S. V., & Mahmoodi, S. (2025). Evaluation of the Effect of Additive Application on the Efficacy of Haloxyfop R-Methyl Herbicide on Narrow-Leaved Weeds in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Fields. Journal of Saffron Research, 13(2), 252–237. doi:10.22077/jsr.2025.9793.1281

Siahkouhian, M., Yazdan nasab, N., Parandak, S. Z., hormati Oughoulbaig, z., & Hormati Oughoulbaig, A. H. (2025). A Review of the Impact of Genetic and Epigenetic Interactions on Metabolic Regulation and Nutritional Requirements of Elite Athletes: Molecular Mechanisms and Functional Implications. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 20(40), –. doi:10.22080/jaep.2025.29449.2225

Woo, J., Min, J. H., Lee, Y. H., & Roh, H. T. (2020). Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Inflammation, Oxidative/Antioxidant Balance, and Muscle Damage after Acute Exercise in Normobaric, Normoxic and Hypobaric, Hypoxic Environments: A Pilot Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(20). doi:10.3390/ijerph17207377

Yazdan nasab, N., Mamashli, E., Ashrafi, N., Abdolmaleki, A., & Asadi, A. (2025). Cell therapy and Regenerative medicine for treatment in sport injuries. Journal of Advanced Sport Technology, 9(1), 50–66. doi:10.22098/jast.2024.15289.1356

Yin, Y., Wang, J., Duan, K., Cai, H., & Sun, J. (2022). The effect of vibration training on delayed muscle soreness: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(42), e31259. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031259

Zahedi, H., & Naseri Eskenani, S. (2023). Comparison of the effect of a resistance training course along with saffron supplementation on body image, eating disorder, and body mass index of overweight women. Research on Women's Sports, 1(1), 17–34.

Zeraatgar, H., Gideski, A., & Moinoddini, Z. (2024). Organic Saffron: From Soil to Market, a Novel Approach in Green Agriculture. Journal of Saffron Research, 12(2), 289–275. doi:10.22077/jsr.2025.8453.1257