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Climate Variability and Industrial Groundwater Abstraction in a Water-Stressed Petroleum Basin: Water Demand Dynamics in Lokichar Oil Production Wells, Kenya | ||
| Water Harvesting Research | ||
| دوره 8، شماره 2، 2025، صفحه 267-283 اصل مقاله (1.52 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22077/jwhr.2025.10366.1190 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Mary Makokha* 1؛ Martin Kalibbala2 | ||
| 1Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. | ||
| 2National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Kampala, Uganda. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| The Lokichar Basin in Turkana, northern Kenya, is a semi-arid environment marked by pronounced rainfall variability and intense competition for water resources among domestic, livestock, and oil-driven industrial demands. This study assesses long-term rainfall trends (1981–2024), aquifer characteristics, groundwater levels, and demand dynamics to evaluate resource sustainability under oilfield development. Rainfall analyses using the Rainfall Anomaly Index, Standardized Precipitation Index, and Mann-Kendall tests show marked interannual variability, with significant increases in annual and October–December rainfall and evidence of non-stationarity in seasonal precipitation. Pumping tests from 23 boreholes reveal heterogeneous transmissivity (4.17 × 10⁻⁶–6.00 × 10⁻³ m²/s) and specific yield (0.036–0.500), with high-yield zones concentrated in Nakukulas. Continuous monitoring indicates daily groundwater fluctuations linked to domestic abstraction, while simulations project extreme midday drawdowns exceeding 60 m under full-scale oil production. Estimated natural recharge (21.8–43.6 Mm³ yr⁻¹) falls short of 2022 industrial demand (~53.0 Mm³ yr⁻¹), exposing a recharge–demand deficit. These findings highlight the vulnerability of Lokichar aquifer to over-abstraction and emphasize the need for integrated management, regulated abstraction, enhanced monitoring, and climate-responsive planning to secure water resources and support sustainable petroleum development in this fragile semi-arid basin. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Groundwater levels؛ Groundwater sustainability؛ Industrial water demand؛ Rainfall variability؛ Recharge levels | ||
| مراجع | ||
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