Greenhouse soil sowing of Catharanthus roseus: effects of potassium nitrate and salicylic acid priming on salinity tolerance in different sowing methods

Ababaf, M., Omidi, H., & Bakhshandeh, A. (2021). Changes in antioxidant enzymes activities and alkaloid amount of Catharanthus roseus in response to plant growth regulators under drought condition. Industrial Crops and Products, 167, 113505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113505

Ahmad, I., Saleem, A. M., Mustafa, G., Ziaf, K., Afzal, I., & Qasim, M. (2017). Seed halopriming enhances germination performance and seedling vigor of gerbera jamesonii and zinnia elegans. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 33(2), 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2017/33.2.199.205

Ahmadvand, G., Soleymani, F., Saadatian, B., & Pouya, M. (2012). Effects of seed priming on seed germination and seedling emergence of cotton under salinity stress. World Applied Sciences Journal, 20(11), 1453–1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2012.20.11.1712

Akrimi, R., Hajlaoui, H., & Mhamdi, M. (2023). Effects of electromagnetic treated saline water on potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) physiological and nutritional characteristics. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 6(3), 247–260. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2023.6041.1307

Apon, T. A., Ahmed, S. F., Bony, Z. F., Chowdhury, M. R., Asha, J. F., & Biswas, A. (2023). Sett priming with salicylic acid improves salinity tolerance of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) during early stages of crop development. Heliyon, 9(5). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16030

Arruda, T. F. d. L., Lima, G. S. d., Silva, A. A. R. d., Azevedo, C. A. V. d., Souza, A. R. d., Soares, L. A. d. A., Gheyi, H. R., Lima, V. L. A. d., Fernandes, P. D., & Silva, F. d. A. d. (2023). Salicylic acid as a salt stress mitigator on chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of precocious-dwarf cashew in the post-grafting phase. Plants, 12(15), 2783. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12152783

Bandurska, H., Breś, W., Zielezińska, M., & Mieloszyk, E. (2023). Does potassium modify the response of zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) to long-term salinity? Plants, 12(7), 1439. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071439

Bayat, H., Shahraki, B., Aminifard, M. H., & Azarmi-Atajan, F. (2023). Alleviating adverse effects of salt stress in pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) by foliar spray of silicon and nano-silicon under greenhouse and field conditions. Journal of Horticulture and Postharvest Research, 6(3), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.22077/jhpr.2023.6307.1315

Ben Youssef, R., Jelali, N., Martínez-Andújar, C., Abdelly, C., & Hernández, J. A. (2024). Salicylic acid and calcium chloride seed priming: a prominent frontier in inducing mineral nutrition balance and antioxidant system capacity to enhance the tolerance of barley plants to salinity. Plants, 13(9), 1268. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091268

Beyk-Khormizi, A., Sarafraz-Ardakani, M. R., Hosseini Sarghein, S., Moshtaghioun, S. M., Mousavi-Kouhi, S. M., & Taghavizadeh Yazdi, M. E. (2023). Effect of organic fertilizer on the growth and physiological parameters of a traditional medicinal plant under salinity stress conditions. Horticulturae, 9(6), 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060701

Bezerra, F. M. S., Lacerda, C. F. d., Ruppenthal, V., Cavalcante, E. S., & Oliveira, A. C. d. (2020). Salt tolerance during the seedling production stage of Catharanthus roseus, Tagetes patula and Celosia argentea. Revista ciência agronômica, 51(3), e20196590. http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20200059

Dhillon, B. S., Kumar, V., Sagwal, P., Kaur, N., Singh Mangat, G., & Singh, S. (2021). Seed priming with potassium nitrate and gibberellic acid enhances the performance of dry direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) in north-western India. Agronomy, 11(5), 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050849

Ellouzi, H., Zorrig, W., Amraoui, S., Oueslati, S., Abdelly, C., Rabhi, M., Siddique, K. H., & Hessini, K. (2023). Seed priming with salicylic acid alleviates salt stress toxicity in barley by suppressing ROS accumulation and improving antioxidant defense systems, compared to halo-and gibberellin priming. Antioxidants, 12(9), 1779. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091779

Gul, V., Sefaoglu, F., Cetinkaya, H., & Dinler, B. S. (2024). The Effect of different doses of salt stress on germination and emergence in cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) seed treated with pre-salicylic acid. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 67, e24240047. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2024240047

Hameed, A., Hussain, S., Nisar, F., Rasheed, A., & Shah, S. Z. (2025). Seed priming as an effective technique for enhancing salinity tolerance in plants: mechanistic insights and prospects for saline agriculture with a special emphasis on halophytes. Seeds, 4(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/seeds4010014

Hira, F. A., Islam, A., Mitra, K., Bithi, U. H., Ahmed, K. S., Islam, S., Abdullah, S. M., & Uddin, M. N. (2024). Comparative analysis of phytochemicals and antioxidant characterization among different parts of Catharanthus roseus: in vitro and in silico investigation. Biochemistry Research International, 2024(1), 1904029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/1904029

Kalhor Monfared, R., Paknejad, F., & Ilkaee, M. N. (2022). The organic priming role in the alleviation of salinity damage on seed germination of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Journal of Organic Farming of Medicinal Plants, 1(2), 44–50.

Khan, M. O., Irfan, M., Muhammad, A., Ullah, I., Nawaz, S., Khalil, M. K., & Ahmad, M. (2022). A practical and economical strategy to mitigate salinity stress through seed priming. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 991977. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.991977

Kumar, S., Bose, B., & Pradhan, N. (2014). Potassium nitrate priming affects the activity of nitrate reductase and chlorophyll content in late sown sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Trend. Biosci, 7, 4466–4470.

Lara, T. S., Lira, J. M. S., Rodrigues, A. C., Rakocevi, M., & Alvarenga, A. A. (2014). Potassium nitrate priming affects the activity of nitrate reductase and antioxidant enzymes in tomato germination. Journal of Agricultural Science, 6(2), 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v6n2p72

Li, J., & Yang, Y. (2023). How do plants maintain pH and ion homeostasis under saline-alkali stress? Frontiers in plant science, 14, 1217193. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1217193

Liu, J., Li, L., Yuan, F., & Chen, M. (2019). Exogenous salicylic acid improves the germination of Limonium bicolor seeds under salt stress. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 14(10), e1644595. https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2019.1644595

Mebratu, A. (2022). Potassium Nitrate Priming Effect on the Germination of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum. Mill) cvs.“Mersa” and “Tekeze‐1”. International Journal of Agronomy, 2022(1), 4970107. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4970107

Miladinov, Z., Maksimović, I., Balešević-Tubić, S., Đukić, V., Čanak, P., Miladinović, J., & Đorđević, V. (2020). Priming seed mitigates the effects of saline stress in soybean seedlings. Legume Research, 43(2), 263–267. http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/LR-469

Mousavi Bazaz, A., & Nemati, H. (2023). Effect of priming on seed germination and growth of Madagascar periwnkle under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research, 10(3), 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22124/jms.2023.7673

Mousavi Bazaz, A., Tehranifar, A., Kafi, M., Gazanchian, A., & Shoor, M. (2023). Biochemical responses of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant tall fescue. Desert, 28(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.22059/jdesert.2023.93501

Mutetwa, M., Mafukidze, B. P., Makaure, B. T., Mubaiwa, T. C., Dendera, O., Tovigepi, E., Mtaita, T., Ngezimana, W., & Chaibva, P. (2023). Priming seeds with potassium nitrate is associated with modulation of seed germination and seedling growth ecology of cucumis metuliferus. EUREKA: Life Sciences(4), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2023.003030

Nazir, M. S., Saad, A., Anjum, Y., & Ahmad, W. (2014). Possibility of seed priming for good germination of cotton seed under salinity stress. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4(8), 66–68.

Nyandwi, J., Ghimire, A., Khan, W., Islam, M. S., Lay, L., Methela, N. J., Yun, B. W., & Kim, Y. (2024). Effect of potassium nitrate priming in the germination and early seedling growth of soybean. Journal of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, 36(4), 332–347. https://doi.org/10.22698/jales.20240025

Oliveira, V. K. N., Silva, A. A. R. d., Lima, G. S. d., Soares, L. A. d. A., Gheyi, H. R., de Lacerda, C. F., Vieira de Azevedo, C. A., Nobre, R. G., Garófalo Chaves, L. H., & Dantas Fernandes, P. (2023). Foliar application of salicylic acid mitigates saline stress on physiology, production, and post-harvest quality of hydroponic japanese cucumber. Agriculture, 13(2), 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020395

Othman, Y. A., & AL-ajlouni, M. G. (2024). Comparative analysis of lily responses to elevated salinity in irrigation water: Effects on physiology, anatomy, and postharvest flower quality. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 52(4), 14102–14102. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha52414102

Rehman, M. M. U., Liu, J., Nijabat, A., Alsudays, I. M., Saleh, M. A., Alamer, K. H., Attia, H., Ziaf, K., Zaman, Q. U., & Amjad, M. (2024). Correction: Seed priming with potassium nitrate alleviates the high temperature stress by modulating growth and antioxidant potential in carrot seeds and seedlings. BMC plant biology, 24(1), 679. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05414-9

Saraf, R., Saingar, S., Chaudhary, S., & Chakraborty, D. (2018). Response of plants to salinity stress and the role of salicylic acid in modulating tolerance mechanisms: physiological and proteomic Approach. Biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants, 103–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9029-5_5

Sayed, S., Hellal, F., El–Rab, N., & Zewainy, R. (2019). Ameliorative effects of potassium on the salinity stress in plants: A review. Asian Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 23, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajsspn/2019/v4i230040

Shahmoradi, H., & Naderi, D. (2018). Improving effects of salicylic acid on morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of salt-imposed winter jasmine. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 5(2), 219–230. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijhst.2018.259507.246

Zulfiqar, F., Nafees, M., Chen, J., Darras, A., Ferrante, A., Hancock, J. T., Ashraf, M., Zaid, A., Latif, N., & Corpas, F. J. (2022). Chemical priming enhances plant tolerance to salt stress. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 946922. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.946922