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ارزیابی واکنش های مورفوفنولوژیک، فتوسنتزی و عملکردی ارقام جدید کنجد ناشکوفا (.Sesamum indicum L) به رژیم های آبیاری | ||
تنشهای محیطی در علوم زراعی | ||
مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 06 مهر 1404 اصل مقاله (1.22 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22077/escs.2025.7697.2292 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
مهدی عطار روشن1؛ افراسیاب راهنما* 2؛ موسی مسکرباشی3؛ محمد رضا سیاهپوش2؛ متیو هریسون4 | ||
1دانشجوی دکتری اگروتکنولوژی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
3استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران | ||
4استاد، مؤسسه کشاورزی تاسمانی، دانشگاه تاسمانی، تاسمانی، استرالیا | ||
چکیده | ||
محدودیت منابع آب برای کشاورزی و افزایش تقاضا برای تأمین غذا در سرتاسر جهان نیازمند راهبردهای بهینه مصرف آب مانند کمآبیاری و دستیابی به عملکرد بالاست. ایــن پــژوهش بهصورت کرتهای خردشده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار در دو سال 1400 و 1401 در شرکت کشت و صنعت شهید رجایی دزفول اجرا شد. سه دور آبیاری (8، 13 و 18 روز) در کرتهای اصلی و سه رقم ناشکوفای جدید و یک رقم شکوفای محلی کنجد (به ترتیب برکت، مهاجر، چمران و شوین) در کرتهای فرعی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد دورهای آبیاری بهطور متفاوتی ویژگیهای مورفوفنولوژیک، فتوسنتزی و عملکرد دانه و روغن ارقام کنجد را تحت تأثیر قرار داد. در دور آبیاری 13 روز تفاوتهای معنیدار تنها در برخی صفات مشاهده شد، در حالی که دورآبیاری 18 روز در مقایسه با 8 روز منجر به کاهش قابلتوجه ارتفاع بوته، طول ناحیة کپسول-دهنده، تعداد روز تا گلدهی و ظهور کپسول، هدایت روزنهای، سرعت فتوسنتز و تعرق، شاخص سبزینگی، عملکرد زیست توده، عملکرد دانه و روغن شد، ولی بهرهوری آب آبیاری را افزایش داد. بین ارقام از نظر عملکرد دانه و روغن در واکنش به دور آبیاری تنوع ژنتیکی وجود داشت. بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به رقم مهاجر و برکت در دور آبیاری 8 روز (به ترتیب1490 و1730 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. با افزایش دور آبیاری از 8 به 18 روز ارقام برکت و مهاجر در مقایسه با شوین عملکرد دانه و روغن بالاتری داشتند. به طور کلی، بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری برای عملکرد دانه، در دور آبیاری 13 روز حاصل شد و اعمال این دور آبیاری در سال اول و دوم موجب کاهش 31 و 28 درصدی آب مصرفی شد. به طور کلی، دور آبیاری 8 تا 13 روز و ارقام ناشکوفای برکت و مهاجر برای تولید پایدار کنجد در مناطق گرمسیری و نیمهگرمسیری قابل توصیه هستند. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
تعداد روز تا گلدهی؛ دور آبیاری؛ سرعت فتوسنتز؛ عملکرد روغن | ||
مراجع | ||
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