
تعداد نشریات | 21 |
تعداد شمارهها | 314 |
تعداد مقالات | 3,321 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 3,546,580 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 2,591,243 |
Adaptability and Student Engagement among Iranian EFL Learners: The Mediating Role of Plurilingual and Pluricultural Competence | ||
Applied Linguistics Inquiry | ||
دوره 2، شماره 2، آذر 2024، صفحه 119-134 اصل مقاله (512 K) | ||
نوع مقاله: Original Article | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22077/ali.2025.8909.1096 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Zahra Bayat* 1؛ Farhad Ghorbandordinejad2 | ||
1Ph.D. in Applied Linguistics, Department of English Language, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran | ||
2Professor of Applied Linguistics, Department of English Language Teaching, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey | ||
چکیده | ||
Despite extensive research on factors influencing student engagement (SE) from a positive psychology perspective, the connection between adaptability and SE has been underexplored. The present study investigates the relationship between learners' adaptability, plurilingual and pluricultural competence (PPC), and SE in second language acquisition, guided by the PERMA model, which posits that well-being consists of Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment (Seligman, 2018). The researchers employed stratified random sampling to collect data from 599 male and female Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. These students then completed questionnaires, including the PPC scale (Galante, 2022), the adaptability scale (Feng et al., 2005), and the SE scale (Lam et al., 2014). Findings have shown that adaptability significantly predicts enhanced PPC, which in turn fosters greater SE. However, analysis of covariate variables revealed that gender and age were not significant predictors of PPC. Grade was a significant predictor of engagement, and language background was a significant predictor of PPC. These results underscore the importance of integrating adaptability training and PPC development into EFL curricula to cultivate culturally responsive learning environments and enhance SE. Further research is needed to determine the moderating roles of demographic variables. This will contribute to a more engaged, adaptable, and globally competent student body, better prepared for success in diverse contexts. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Adaptability؛ Plurilingual and pluricultural competence (PPC)؛ Student engagement (SE)؛ Iranian EFL learners | ||
مراجع | ||
Ahmadi, G., Mohammadi, A., Asadzandi, S., Shah, M., & Mojtahedzadeh, R. (2023). What are the indicators of student engagement in learning management systems? a systematized review of the literature. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 24(1), 117-136. https://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v24i1.6453 Axelson, R. D., & Flick, A. (2010). Defining student engagement. Change: The magazine of higher learning, 43(1), 38-43. https://dx.doi.org/1080/00091383.2011.533096 Baranova, T., Khalyapina, L., Kobicheva, A., & Tokareva, E. (2019). Evaluation of students’ engagement in integrated learning model in a blended environment. Education Sciences, 9(2), 138. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020138 Bedi, A. (2023). Keep Learning: Student Engagement in an Online Environment. Online Learning, 27(2), 119-136. https://dx.doi.org/10.24059/olj.v27i2.3287 Benlahcene, A., Mohamed Abdelrahman, R., Ahmed, M., & Aboudahr, S. M. F. M. (2024). A pathway to engagement: the mediating role of self-efficacy between interpersonal relationships and academic engagement. Cogent Psychology, 11(1), 2330239. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2024.2330239 Boulton, C. A., Hughes, E., Kent, C., Smith, J. R., & Williams, H. T. (2019). Student engagement and wellbeing over time at a higher education institution. PloS one, 14(11), e0225770. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225770 Bryson, C., & Hand, L. (2007). The role of engagement in inspiring teaching and learning. Innovations in education and teaching international, 44(4), 349-362. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14703290701602748 Chen, Y. Z., & Hélot, C. (2018). The notion of plurilingual and pluricultural competence in the teaching of foreign languages in France. Integration of Education, 25(4), 544-561. https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/handle/18452/19771 Chiu, T. K. (2021). Digital support for student engagement in blended learning based on self-determination theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 124, 106909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.106909 Chowdhury, Q. H. (2023). ELT and development in Bangladesh: A critical overview. In Local Research and Glocal Perspectives in English Language Teaching: Teaching in Changing Times, 17-30. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6458-9_2 Collie, R. J., Holliman, A. J., & Martin, A. J. (2017). Adaptability, engagement and academic achievement at university. Educational Psychology, 37(5), 632-647. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2016.1231296 Derakhshan, A. (2021). The predictability of Turkman students’ academic engagement through Persian language teachers’ nonverbal immediacy and credibility. Journal of Teaching Persian to Speakers of Other Languages, 10(1), 3-24. https://dx.doi.org/10.30479/jtpsol.2021.14654.1506 Derakhshan, A., & Gao, X. (2025). “I Am Excessively Pressed by Classroom Tasks”: A cross‐cultural study on the sources and solutions of Chinese and Iranian EFL students' academic disengagement in online classes. Psychology in the Schools. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.23374 Derakhshan, A., Kruk, M., Mehdizadeh, M., & Pawlak, M. (2021). Boredom in online classes in the Iranian EFL context: Sources and solutions. System, 101, 102556. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102556 Duarte, J., & Günther-van der Meij, M. (2025). An integrated approach toward using multilingualism in primary education. In M. Christison & A. M. Krulatz (Eds.), Promoting multilingual practices for linguistically diverse learners in global contexts (pp. 28–48). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003397625-3 Elphinstone, B., Whitehead, R., Tinker, S. P., & Bates, G. (2019). The academic benefits of ‘letting go’: The contribution of mindfulness and nonattachment to adaptability, engagement, and grades. Educational Psychology, 39(6), 784-796. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2019.1588228 Eren, Ö. (2024). Towards multilingual turn in language classes: plurilingual awareness as an indicator of intercultural communicative competence. International Journal of Multilingualism, 21(2), 783-801. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2022.2090568 Fang, S. C., & Hsu, Y. S. (2017). Understanding science teachers' enactments of a computer-based inquiry curriculum. Computers & Education, 112, 69-82. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.05.004 Fathi, J., Nourzadeh, S., & Saharkhiz Arabani, A. (2021). Teacher individual self-efficacy and collective efficacy as predictors of teacher work engagement: The case of Iranian English teachers. Journal of Language Horizons, 5(2), 167-186 https://dx.doi.org/10.22051/LGHOR.2021.33184.1366 Feng, W., & Yang, J. (2005). A Comparative study on the learning adaptability of higher vocational college students and ordinary college students. Chinese Journal of Special Education, 11(5), 151-166. Forgeard, M. J., Jayawickreme, E., Kern, M. L., & Seligman, M. E. (2011). Doing the right thing: Measuring wellbeing for public policy. International journal of wellbeing, 1(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v1i1.15 Galante, A. (2022). Plurilingual and pluricultural competence (PPC) scale: The inseparability of language and culture. International Journal of Multilingualism, 19(4), 477-498. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2020.1753747 Galante, A. (2025). Plurilingual and pluricultural competence: origins, current trends, and future directions. The Handbook of Plurilingual and Intercultural Language Learning, 333-347. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781394165957.ch24 Galante, A., & dela Cruz, J. W. N. (2024). Plurilingual and pluricultural as the new normal: an examination of language use and identity in the multilingual city of Montreal. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(4), 868-883. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2021.1931244 Gourlay, L. (2015). ‘Student engagement’and the tyranny of participation. Teaching in Higher Education, 20(4), 402-411. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2015.1020784 Granziera, H., Collie, R. J., Martin, A. J., & Caldecott-Davis, K. (2024). Adaptability and buoyancy: investigating their unique associations with students’ wellbeing and academic achievement. Educational Psychology, 1-19. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2024.2418637 Hamedi, S. M., Pishghadm, R., & Farhadi, J. S. (2020). The contribution of reading emotions to reading comprehension: The mediating effect of reading engagement using a structural equation modeling approach. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 19(2), 211-238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10671-019-09256-3 Hastie, P. A., Stringfellow, A., Johnson, J. L., Dixon, C. E., Hollett, N., & Ward, K. (2022). Examining the concept of engagement in physical education. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 27(1), 1-18. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1861231 Hayes, A. F., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: Observations, recommendations, and implementation. Behaviour research and therapy, 98, 39-57. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.001 Hiver, P., Al-Hoorie, A. H., Vitta, J. P., & Wu, J. (2024). Engagement in language learning: A systematic review of 20 years of research methods and definitions. Language teaching research, 28(1), 201-230. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13621688211001289 Holliman, A. J., Revill-Keen, A., & Waldeck, D. (2022). University lecturers’ adaptability: examining links with perceived autonomy support, organizational commitment, and psychological wellbeing. Teaching Education, 33(1), 42-55. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2020.1803822 Hussain, M., Zhu, W., Zhang, W., & Abidi, S. M. R. (2018). Student engagement predictions in an e‐Learning System and their impact on student course assessment scores. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, 2018(1), 6347186. https://dx.doi.org /10.1155/2018/6347186 Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(5), 758-773. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.598505 Kantelinen, R., Kautonen, M., Kang, M., Koivistoinen, H., & Zarra-Nezhad, M. (2024). Multilingual and multicultural events for children: university students’ and primary school pupils’ perspectives. International Multilingual Research Journal, 1-12. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2024.2355809 Kharkhurin, A. V., Koncha, V., & Charkhabi, M. (2023). The effects of multilingual and multicultural practices on divergent thinking. Implications for plurilingual creativity paradigm. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 26(3), 592-609. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728922000864 Kharkhurin, A. V., Koncha, V., & Charkhabi, M. (2024). The effects of plurilingualism and pluriculturalism on divergent thinking: Testing the moderating role of personality traits. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 27(6), 772-792. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2023.2232521 Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications. Kodden, B. (2020). The ability to adapt. The Art of Sustainable Performance: A Model for Recruiting, Selection, and Professional Development, 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46463-9_4 Kuh, G. D. (2009). What student affairs professionals need to know about student engagement. Journal of College Student Development, 50(6), 683-706. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0099 Lam, S. F., Jimerson, S., Wong, B. P., Kikas, E., Shin, H., Veiga, F. H., ... & Zollneritsch, J. (2014). Understanding and measuring student engagement in school: the results of an international study from 12 countries. School Psychology Quarterly, 29(2), 213. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000057 Li, H. (2023). Perceived teacher-student relationship and growth mindset as predictors of student engagement in foreign student engagement in foreign language learning: the mediating role of foreign language enjoyment. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1177223. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1177223 Liu, L., & Wan, L. (2024). Innovative models for enhanced student adaptability and performance in educational environments. Plos One, 19(9), e0307221. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307221 Liu, W., Gao, Y., Gan, L., & Wu, J. (2022). The role of Chinese language learners' academic resilience and mindfulness in their engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 916306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.916306 Liu, X., Ji, X., Zhang, Y., & Gao, W. (2023). Professional identity and career adaptability among Chinese engineering students: The mediating role of learning engagement. Behavioral Sciences, 13(6), 480. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060480 Martin, A. J., Nejad, H. G., Colmar, S., & Liem, G. A. D. (2013). Adaptability: How students’ responses to uncertainty and novelty predict their academic and non-academic outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(3), 728. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032794 Martin, A. J., Nejad, H., Colmar, S., Liem, G. A. D., & Collie, R. J. (2015). The role of adaptability in promoting control and reducing failure dynamics: A mediation model. Learning and Individual Differences, 38, 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.02.004 Martin, F., & Bolliger, D. U. (2018). Engagement matters: Student perceptions on the importance of engagement strategies in the online learning environment. Online learning, 22(1), 205-222. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v22i1.1092 Martinez, H. (2025). Plurilingual Learning Competence. The Handbook of Plurilingual and Intercultural Language Learning, 473-481. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394165957.ch33 Meyers, L.S., Gamst, G.S., & Guarino, A. J. (2008). Applied multivariate research: design and interpretation. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071802687 Modarresi, G. (2022). The impact of task-based collaborative output activities on learner engagement in writing tasks. Journal of Language Horizons, 6(2), 81-101. https://doi.org/10.22051/lghor.2021.35238.1453 Modarresi, G. (2025). The Role of Motivational Self-Regulatory Strategies in EFL Learners’ Involvement in Writing Skills: A Mixed-Methods Study. Journal of Teaching Language Skills, 44(1), 77-96. Mohammad Hosseini, H., Fathi, J., Derakhshesh, A., & Mehraein, S. (2022). A model of classroom social climate, foreign language enjoyment, and student engagement among English as a foreign language learner. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 933842. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.933842 Muñoz-Basols, J. (2019). Going beyond the comfort zone: multilingualism, translation and mediation to foster plurilingual competence. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 32(3), 299-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2019.1661687 Nguyen, H. T. T. (2025). Challenges to the Development of Intercultural Communication Competence: A Study from the Tertiary Students' Perspectives. Journal of Social and Scientific Education, 2(1), 22-23. https://doi.org/10.58230/josse.v2i1.292 Oksana, P., & Ruzana, G. S. (2021). Sustainable higher education via telecollaboration: Improving plurilingual and pluricultural competence. Интеграция образования, 25(4), 544-561. https://doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.105.025.202104.544-561 Parsons, S. A., & Vaughn, M. (2016). Toward adaptability: Where to from here? Theory into Practice, 55(3), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2016.1173998 Piccardo, E. (2019). Mediation for plurilingual competence: Synergies and implications. In Mediation as Negotiation of Meanings, Plurilingualism and Language Education, (pp. 27-52). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003032069-2 Pishghadam, R., Derakhshan, A., Jajarmi, H., Tabatabaee Farani, S., & Shayesteh, S. (2021). Examining the role of teachers’ stroking behaviors in EFL learners’ active/passive motivation and teacher success. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 707314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.707314 Reeve, J., & Tseng, C. M. (2011). Agency as a fourth aspect of students’ engagement during learning activities. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(4), 257-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2011.05.002 Roorda, D. L., Koomen, H. M., Spilt, J. L., & Oort, F. J. (2011). The influence of affective teacher–student relationships on students’ school engagement and achievement: A meta-analytic approach. Review of Educational Research, 81(4), 493-529. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311421793 Sabbaghi, F., Karimi, K., Akbari, M., & Yarahmadi, Y. (2020). Predicting academic engagement based on academic optimism, competency perception and academic excitement in students. Iranian Journal of Educational Sociology, 3(3), 50-61. https://doi.org/10.52547/ijes.3.3.50 Salimi, E. A., & Karimabadi, M. (2020). The efficacy of classroom flipping on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ engagement and their perception of the flipped classroom model. Journal of Teaching Language Skills, 39(3), 143-180. https://doi.org/10.22099/jtls.2021.38824.2901 Santos Alves, S., & Mendes, L. (2006). Awareness and practice of plurilingualism and intercomprehension in Europe. Language and Intercultural Communication, 6(3-4), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.2167/laic248.0 Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466 Seligman, M. E. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. Handbook of positive psychology, 2(2002), 3-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135336.003.0001 Stang, J. B., & Roll, I. (2014). Interactions between teaching assistants and students boost engagement in physics labs. Physical Review Special Topics-Physics Education Research, 10(2), 020117. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevstper.10.020117 Strasser, M., & Reissner, C. (2022). Plurilingual and pluricultural competence: The EVAL-IC model of intercomprehension competence. AILA Review, 35(1), 38-59. https://doi.org/10.1075/aila.22008.str Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. https://doi.org/10.1037/e676252012-088 Trenchs-Parera, M., & Pastena, A. (2024). Exploring transcultural competence in the internationalised university classroom: the role of intercultural friendships and plurilingualism in the construction of a transcultural identity. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 45(2), 209-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2021.1874391 Vayre, E., & Vonthron, A. M. (2017). Psychological engagement of students in distance and online learning: Effects of self-efficacy and psychosocial processes. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 55(2), 197-218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633116656849 Wang, X., Liu, Y. L., Ying, B., & Lin, J. (2023). The effect of learning adaptability on Chinese middle school students’ English academic engagement: The chain mediating roles of foreign language anxiety and English learning self-efficacy. Current Psychology, 42(8), 6682-6692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02008-8 Wilson, D. (2020). The Role of Teaching Assistants and Faculty in Student Engagement. In 2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--35365 Woll, N., & Paquet, P. L. (2025). Developing crosslinguistic awareness through plurilingual consciousness-raising tasks. Language Teaching Research, 29(1), 63-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/13621688211056544 Wu, R., & Yu, Z. (2024). Relationship between university students’ personalities and e-learning engagement mediated by achievement emotions and adaptability. Education and Information Technologies, 29(9), 10821-10850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12222-5 Xerri, M. J., Radford, K., & Shacklock, K. (2018). Student engagement in academic activities: a social support perspective. Higher Education, 75, 589-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0162-9 Zaidi, R., Moura, G. D. C., & Cruz, F. R. (2025). Critically Engaged Language and Literacy Workshops as a Disruptive Pedagogy in Plurilingual Classrooms. Reading Research Quarterly, 60(1), e597. https://doi.org/10.1002/rrq.597 Zhang, H., & Liu, X. (2024). Exploration of College Students' Learning Adaptability Under the Background of Wisdom Education. International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering (IJITWE), 19(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijitwe.336486 Zhang, K., Wu, S., Xu, Y., Cao, W., Goetz, T., & Parks-Stamm, E. J. (2021). Adaptability promotes student engagement under COVID-19: the multiple mediating effects of academic emotion. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 633265. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.633265
| ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 179 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 13 |