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کارآمدی یا ناکارآمدی فراشناختها: مرور پژوهشها | ||
پژوهش های کیفی در علوم رفتاری | ||
مقاله 5، دوره 2، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 4، اسفند 1402، صفحه 55-72 اصل مقاله (1.19 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22077/qrbs.2024.7859.1051 | ||
نویسنده | ||
محمدحسین سالاری فر* | ||
استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه بیرجند | ||
چکیده | ||
زمینه: فراشناخت یک فرآیند ذهنی سطح بالاست که بر سایر فرآیندهای ذهنی اثرگذار است. رویکرد روانشناسی شناختی و رویکرد آسیبشناسی روانی مفهومسازی متفاوتی از فراشناخت دارند. هدف: مطالعه حاضر باهدف پاسخگویی به این سؤال انجام شد، آیا فراشناختها کارآمد یا ناکارآمد است؟ روش: این مطالعه باتوجه به ماهیت و هدف در زمرۀ مطالعات مروری قرار دارد. با جستجو در پایگاههای اطلاعاتیProQuest, Google Scholar, Springer, ERIC, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Iran Doc, Magiran, SID در مجموع تعداد 103 مقاله در رویکرد روانشناسی شناختی و رویکرد آسیبشناسی روانی به زبان فارسی و انگلیسی که متن کامل آنها در دسترس بود، مطالعه شد. یافتهها: مبانی نظری و نتایج پژوهشهای انجام شده در روانشناسی شناختی و تحولی، فراشناخت را به عنوان یک سازۀ ذهنی سطح بالا معرفی مینماید که با یادگیری، حل مسئله، خلاقیت، قضاوت و عملکرد کلی شخص رابطه مثبت دارد. ولی در رویکرد آسیبشناسی روانی، فراشناخت بهعنوان یک سازۀ ذهنی مفهومسازی شده است که زمینهساز بسیاری از اختلالات روانشناختی است. نتایج پژوهشهای انجام شده در این حوزۀ روانشناسی نشان میدهد، فراشناخت با اختلالات اضطرابی، اختلالات خلقی، اختلال وسواسی اجبار و اختلالات جسمانیشکل رابطه مثبت دارد. نتیجهگیری: باتوجه به مبانی نظری و نتایج پژوهشهای این دو رویکرد در روانشناسی میتوانگفت، فراشناخت دارای نقشی دوگانه است. یعنی فراشناخت در روانشناسی تحولی یک فرآیند ذهنی سطح بالاست که با فعال شدن، عملکرد شخص را افزایش میدهد. پس فراشناخت یک سازۀ کارآمد است. ولی در آسیبشناسی روانی فراشناخت یک فرآیند ذهنی است که با فعال شدن، عملکرد کلی شخص را کاهش میدهد. یعنی فراشناخت یک سازه ناکارآمد است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
فراشناخت؛ فراشناخت کارآمد؛ فراشناخت ناکارآمد؛ روانشناسی شناختی؛ آسیبشناسی روانی | ||
مراجع | ||
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