| تعداد نشریات | 22 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 354 |
| تعداد مقالات | 3,733 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 4,939,123 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 3,310,842 |
مروری بر اثرات لجن و مواد معلق پساب فاضلاب بر ویژگیهای فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک | ||
| آبخوان و قنات | ||
| دوره 5، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 8، آذر 1403، صفحه 203-216 اصل مقاله (420.19 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22077/jaaq.2024.7950.1074 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| حسین باقری* | ||
| دانش آموخته دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کمبود منابع آب در اقلیمهای خشک و نیمهخشک سبب شده تا پساب فاضلاب بهعنوان یک گزینه پیشرو جهت ثبات کشاورزی و تولید محصول در آبیاری اراضی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. بهعلاوه، کیفیت پایین اراضی کشاورزی در این اقلیمها نیز مستلزم استفاده از کودها و اصلاحکنندهها بوده که در این راستا لجن فاضلاب میتواند یک گزینه سهلالوصول باشد. بهرغم رفع نیاز آبی و کودی اراضی با دو گزینه مذکور، مطالعه پیآمدهای آنها بر بستر خاک اراضی جهت کشاورزی پایدار ضروری است. لذا، هدف این مطالعه بررسی مروری اثرات مواد معلق پساب فاضلاب و لجن فاضلاب بر ویژگیهای فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک از قبیل چگالی ظاهری، تخلخل، هدایت هیدرولیکی، نفوذپذیری، ساختمان خاک، پایداری خاکدانه و منحنی رطوبتی است. مطالعات انجام شده در این زمینه نشان داد که آبیاری با پساب فاضلاب موجب افزایش چگالی ظاهری، کاهش تخلخل و هدایت هیدرولیکی، تخریب ساختمان خاک و خاکدانهها شده اما وضعیت رطوبتی خاک را بهبود بخشید. اثرات لجن فاضلاب روی خصوصیات خاک، گواه این موضوع است که این ماده میتواند موجب بهبود ساختمان خاک، افزایش قطر خاکدانهها و تسریع در فرآیند تشکیل آنها شده و از این طریق شرایط کاهش چگالی ظاهری و افزایش تخلخل، هدایت هیدرولیکی و نفوذپذیری را ایجاد نموده و موجب افزایش رطوبت قابل استفاده در خاک گردد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| تخلخل؛ چگالی ظاهری؛ ساختمان خاک؛ نفوذپذیری؛ هدایتهیدرولیکی | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abedi-Koupai, J., Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., Afyuni, M. & Bagheri, M.R. (2006). Effect of treated wastewater on soil chemical and physical properties in an arid region. Plant, Soil and Environment, 52(8), 335–344. Abusharar, T. M. (1993). Effects of sewage sludge treatments on aggregate slaking, clay dispersion and hydraulic conductivity of semi-arid soil sample. Geoderma, 59(1-4), 327-343. Afkhami, M., Amiri, F. & Tabatabaie, T. (2021). Effect of irrigation with treated wastewater on lead and cadmium accumulations in soil and sweet pepper plant. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 14(1), 99-114. [In Persian] Angeles, S.M. & Londra, P.A. (2000). Effect of compost produced from town wastes and sewage sludge on the Physical Properties of a Lomy and Clay soil. Bioresource Technology, 71, 235-259. Ahn, H.-S. & Jo, H.Y. (2009). Influence of exchangeable cations on hydraulic conductivity of compacted bentonite. Applied Clay Science, 44, 144–150. Aiello, R., Cirelli, G.L. & Consoli, S. (2007). Effects of reclaimed wastewater irrigation on soil and tomato fruits: A case study in Sicily (Italy). Journal of Agricultural Water Management, 93, 65-72. Angers, D.A., & Mehuys, G.R. (1989). Effects of cropping on carbohydrate content and water-stable aggregation of a clay soil. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 69(2), 373-380. Aringhieri, R. & Sequi, P. 1979. The arrangement of organic matter in a soil crumb. In: W.W. Emperson, R. D. Bond. and A. R. Dexter (Ede.) Modification of Soil Structure. Wiley, NewYork, 435p. Asghari, S. (2011). Effects of Tabriz Petrochemical Sewage Sludge on Organic Carbon, Aggregate Stability Indices and Consistency Limits of a Semiarid Soil. Water and Soil, 25(3), 530-539. [In Persian] Ayers, R. S. & Westcot, D. W. (1985). Water-Quality for Agriculture. Rev. I, F.A.O., Rome. 174p. Bahremand, M. R., M. Afyuni, M. A. Hajabbassi, Y. Rezaeinejad. (2003). Effect of Sewage Sludge on Soil Physical Properties. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 6(4), 1-9. [In Persian] Balks, M.R., McLay, C.D.A. & Harfoot, C.G. (1997). Determination of the progression in soil microbial response, and changes in soil permeability, following application of meat processing effluent to soil. Applied Soil Ecology, 6, 109-116. Baveye, P., Vandevivere, P., Hoyle, B.L, DeLeo, P.C. & deLozada, D.S. (1998). Environmental impact and mechanisms of the biological clogging of saturated soils and aquifer materials. Critical Review. Environmental Science and Technology, 28, 123-191. Bear, M.H., Hendrix, P. F., & Coleman, D.C. (1994). Water stable aggregates and organic carbon fractions in conventional and no-tillage soils. Soil Science of Society American Journal, 58(3), 777-786. Berend, J.E. (1967). An analytical approach to the clogging effect of suspended matter. International Association of Scientific Hydrology. Bulletin, 12, 42–55. Bhangoo, M.S., Day, K.S., Sudangunta, V.R. & Petrucci, V.E. (1988). Application of poultry manure influences Thompson seedless grape production and soil properties. Horticultural Science, 23, 1010-1012. Bhardwaj, A.K., Mandal, U.K., Bar-Tal, A., Gilboa, G. & Levy, G.J. (2007). Replacing saline-sodic irrigation water with treated wastewater: effects on saturated hydraulic conductivity, slaking, and swelling. Irrigation Science, 26, 139–146. Boeira R.C. & de Souza M.D. (2007). Estoques de carbono orgˆanico e de nitrog´enio, pH e densidade de umlatossolo ap´ os trˆes aplicac¸ ˜oes de lodos de esgoto. Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, 31(3), 581–590. Bouwer, H., & Chaney, R.L. (1974). Land treatment of wastewater. Advances in Agronomy, 26, 133-176. Bouzaiane, O., Cherif, H., Saidi, N., Jedidi, N. & Hassen, A. (2007). Effects of municipal solid waste municipal solid waste application on the microbial biomass of cultivated and non-cultivated soil in a semi-arid zone. Waste Management & Research, 25, 334–342. Carman, PC. (1937). Fluid Flow Through Granular Beds. Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. 15, 150. Catroux, G., L'hermite, P., & Suess, E. (Eds.). (2012). The Influence of Sewage Sludge Application on Physical and Biological Properties of Soils: Proceedings of a Seminar Organized Jointly by the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development and the Bayerische Landesanstalt Für Bodenkultur und Pflanzenbau, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany, Held in Munich, June 23-24, 1981. Springer Science & Business Media. Chen, Y., & Avnimelech, Y. (1986). The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture, first edition, Martinus Nijhoff, Netherlands, 320 p. Clapp, C.E., Stark, S.A., Clay, D.E. & Larson, W.E. (1986). Sewage sludge organic matter and soil properties. In: Chen, Y. & Avnimelech, Y. (Eds.), The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 209–253. Dawes, L., & Goonetilleke, A. (2004). Assessing changes in soil physical and chemical properties under long-term effluent disposal. In On-Site Wastewater Treatment X, 21-24 March 2004 (p. 1). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. De Jong, R. (1983). Soil water desorption curves estimated from limited data. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 63, 697–703. Dexter, A.R., Czyz, E.A. & Gate, O.P. (2004). Soil structure and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of subsoils. Soil & Tillage Research, 79, 185–189. Ehsani, M., Khalidi, H. & Rahimi, H. (2015). Improving agricultural water productivity to ensure the country's water and food security. Quarterly Journal of the Academy of Sciences, [In Persian] Epstein, E. (1975). Effect of sewage sludge on some soil physical properties. Journal of Environmental Quality, 4(2), 139-142. FAOSTAT. (2005). FAOSTAT statistical database. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at www.faostat.fao.org. Fathololomi, S., & Asghari, S. (2015). Effects of Ardabil Municipal Sewage Sludge on Some Physical and Hydraulic Properties of a Coarse-Textured Soil under Wheat Cultivation. Water and Soil Science, 24(4), 169-183. Filizola, H. F., de Souza, M. D., Gomes, M. A. F., & Boeira, R. C. (2006). Aspectos físicos de um solo tratado com lodo de esgoto: estabilidade de agregados e argila dispersa em água. Frankenberger, W.T., Troeh, F.R., & Dumenil, L.C. (1979). Bacterial effects on hydraulic conductivity of soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43, 333-338. Frenkel, H., Goortzen, J. O. & Rhoades, J. D. (1978). Effects of clay type and content, exchangeable sodium percentage, and electrolyte concentration on clay dispersion and soil hydraulic conductivity. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42(1), 32–39. Fu, H., Wang, Y.M., Zhou, Z.Y., Zhang, H.R., Li, X.R. & Zou, X.J. (2002). Studies on effects of application of sewage sludge on alfalfa. I. Effects on physical and chemical characteristic, and element accumulation of the soil, Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 11, 57-61. Giusquianni, P.L., Pagliai, M., Gigliotti, G., Businelli, D. & Benetti, A. (1995). Urban waste compost: Effects on physical, chemical, and biochemical soil properties. Journal of Environmental Quality, 24(1), 175-182. Glauser, R., Doner, H. E. & Poul, E. A. (1988). Soil aggregate stability as a function of particle size in sludge treated soils. Soil Science, 146(1), 37-43. Glinski, J., Horabik, J. & Lipiec, J. (2011). Encyclopedia of Agrophysics. Springer. pp.403-407. Gollany, H.T., Schumacher, T.E., Evenson, P.D. & Lindstrom, M.J. (1991). Aggregate stability of an eroded and resurfaced typic agriustoll. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 55, 811-816. Gupta, R.P. & Swartzendruber, D. (1962). Flow-associated reduction in the hydraulic conductivity of quartz sand. Soil Science Society of America, Proceedings, 26, 6-10. Gupta, S.C., Dowday, R.H. & Larson, W.E. (1977). Hydraulic and thermal properties of soil influenced by incorporation of sewage sludge. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 41, 601-605. Halliwell, D.J., Barlow, K.M. & Nash, D.M. (2001). A review of the effects of wastewater sodium on soil physical properties and their implications for irrigation systems. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 39, 1259–1267. HassanOghli, A., Mirabzadeh, M. & Liaqat, A.M. (2002). Use of domestic sewage and house sewage in irrigation of crops and artificial feeding of underground water tables. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran. [In Persian] Illera, V., Walter, I., Cuevas, G., & Cala, V. (1999). Biosolid and municipal solid waste affect on physical and chemical properties of degraded soil. Agrochimica 43, 178–186. Islam, M.R., Alamgir, M., Mohiuddin, K.M. & Hasan, K.M.M. (2008). Investigation of physical properties of a selected soil to use as a compacted clay liner in a sanitary landfill. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Solid Waste Management – WasteSafe 2008, Khulna, Bangladesh, pp. 167-174. Islamian, S.S., Hajarzadeh, B., Gohri, S.A. & Zareian, M.J. (2007). The effect of using sewage effluent in agricultural soils of Najaf Abad city. 10th Congress of Soil Sciences of Iran, Karaj, January 2007. Khaleel, R., Reddy, K.R., & Overcash, M.R. (1981). Changes in soil physical properties due to organic waste applications: A review. Journal of Environmental Quality. 10(2), 133-141. Kladivko, E.J., & Nelson, D.W. (1979) Changes in soil properties from application of anaerobic sludge. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation, 51, 325–332. Koutika, L.S., Bartoli, F., Andreux, F., Cerri, C. C., Burtin, G., Chone, Th. & Philippy, R. (1997). Organic matter dynamics and aggregation in soils under rain forest and pastures of increasing age in the eastern Amazon Basin. Geoderma, 76, 87–112. Kristiansen, R. (1981). Sand-filter trenches for purification of septic tank e.uent: I. The clogging mechanism and soil physical environment. Journal of Environmental Quality, 10, 353-357. Kumar, S., Malik, R.S. & Dahiya, I.S. (1985). Influence of different organic wastes upon water retention, transmission, and contact characteristics of sandy soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 23, 131–136. Levy, G.J., & Mamedov, A.I. (2002). High-Energy-Moisture-Characteristics aggregate stability as a predictor for seal formation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 66, 1603–1609. Levy, G. J., Goldstein, D., Trachitzky, J., & Chen, Y. (2006). Combined effects of irrigation with treated wastewater and tillage on soil structural stability. Final report submitted to the Chief Scientist, Ministry of Agriculture, State of Israel (in Hebrew). Levy, G. J., Mamedov, A.I. & Goldstein, D. (2003). Sodicity and water quality effects on slaking of aggregates from semi-arid soils. Soil Science, 168, 552–562. Levy, G.J., Rosenthal, A., Shainberg, I., Tarchitzky, J., & Chen, Y. (1999). Soil hydraulic conductivity changes are caused by irrigation with reclaimed wastewater. Journal of Environmental Quality, 28, 1658-1664. Lieffering R.E., McLay C.D.A. (1996): The effects of strong hydroxide solutions on the stability of aggregates and hydraulic conductivity of soil. European Journal of Soil Science, 47, 43–50. Lindsay, B. J., & Logan, T. J. (1998). Field response of soil physical properties to sewage sludge (Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 534-542). American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America. Logon, T.J. & Billite, J. (1998). Field response of soil physical properties to sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Quality. 27, 534-542. Macedo, J.R., Filizola, H.F., Souza, M.D. & Reichardt, K. (2006). Micromorfologia da camada superficial de solo tratado com lodo de esgoto. in Lodo de Esgoto: Impactos Ambientais naAgricultura, Bettiol, W. & Camargo, O.A., Eds., pp. 149–164, Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Jaguari ´una, Brazil. Magesan, G.N. (2001). Changes in soil physical properties following irrigation of municipal wastewater on two forested soils. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 31, 188-195. Magesan, G.N., Williamson, J.C., Sparling, G.P., Schipper, L.A. & Lloyd-Jones, A.Rh. (1999). Decreased hydraulic conductivity in soils irrigated with wastewater field and laboratory studies. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 37, 391-402. Magesan, G.N., Williamson, J.C., Yeates, G.W. and Lloyd-Jones, A.Rh. (2000). Wastewater C: N ratio effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and potential mechanisms for recovery. Bioresource Technology, 71: 21-27. Mahida, N.U. (1981). Water Pollution and Disposal of Wastewater on Land. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 325 p. Marinari, S., Masciandaro, G., Ceccanti, B. & George, S. (2000). Influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil biological and physical properties. Bioresource Technology, 72(1), 9-17. Martens, D.A. & Frankenberg, W.T. (1992). Effect of organic amendment on water infiltration and soil properties of n irrigated soil. Agronomy Journal, 82, 707-717. Masoudiashtiani, S., Parsinejad, M., & abbasi, F. (2011). Effect of Applying Urban Wastewater in Irrigation of Sorghum on Some Soil Physical Properties. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 25(3), 243-253. [In Persian] Mathan, K.K. (1994). Studies of the influence of long-term municipal sewage-effluent irrigation on soil physical properties. Bioresource Technology. 48(3), 275-276. Mays, D.A., Treman, G.L. & Duggan, J.C. (1973). Municipal compost: effect on yield and soil properties. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2, 81-89. McAuliffe K.W., Scotter D.R., McGregor A.N. & Earl K.D. (1982): Casein whey wastewater effects on soil permeability. Journal of Environmental Quality, 11, 31–34. McCalla, T.M. (1950). Studies on the effect of microorganisms on the rate of percolation of water through soils. Soil Science Society of America, Proceeding. 15, 182-186. Melo, V., Beutler, A.N., Souza, Z.M., Centurión, J.F. & Melo, W.J. (2004). Physical attributes of oxisols fertilized over five years with biosolids. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 39, 67–72. Mojiri, A. (2011). Effects of Municipal Wastewater on Physical and Chemical Properties of Saline Soil. Journal of Biological & Environmental Sciences, 5(14), 71-76. Mollahoseini, H. (2013). Long-term effects of municipal wastewater irrigation on some properties of a semiarid region soil of Iran. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4 (5), 1023-1028. Morel, J.L., & Guckert, A. (1983). The Influence of Sludge Application on Physical and Biological Properties of Soils. 1st Ed., Dordrecht, Holland, 262 p. Mullins, C.E., Mcleod, D.A., Northcote, K.H., Tisdall, J.M. & Young, I.M. (1990). Hardsetting soils: behavior, occurrence and management. Advances in Soil Science, 11, 37-108. Nakano, K. & Miyazaki, T. (2005). Predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted subsoils using the non-similar media concept. Soil & Tillage Research, 84, 145–153. Nevo, Z., & Mitchell, K. (1967): Factors affecting biological clogging of sand associated with groundwater recharge. Water Research, 1, 231–236. Nicolas, C., Kennedy, J.N., Hernandez, T., Garcia, C. & Six, J. (2014). Soil aggregation in a semiarid soil amended with composted and non-composted sewage sludge-A field experiment. Geoderma, 219–220 (2014), 24–31. Nyamangara, J., Gotosa, J., & Mpofu, S.E. (2001). Cattle manure effects on structural stability and water retention capacity of a granitic sandy soil in Zimbabwe. Soil and Tillage Research, 62 (3-4), 157-162. Ojeda, G., Perfect, E., Alcañiz, J.M. & Ortiz, O. (2006). Fractal analysis of soil water hysteresis as influenced by sewage sludge application. Geoderma, 134, 386–401. Ojeda, G. & Alcañiz, J.M. (2010) Soil water retention under drying process in a soil amended with composted and thermally dried sewage sludges. 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, 1–6 August 2010, Brisbane, Australia. Published on DVD. Ojeda, G., Alcañiz, J.M., & Ortiz, O., (2003). Runoff and losses by erosion in soils amended with sewage sludge. Land Degradation & Development, 14, 563–573. Page, A.L., & Chang, A.C. (1994). Overview of the Past 25 years: Technical Perspective. In Clapp, C.E., Larson, W.E., & Dowdy, R.H., Eds. Sewage Sludge: land utilization and the environment. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Crop Science Society of America, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, WI. pp. 3–6. Pagliai, M., Guide, G., Marca, M., Giachetti, M., & Lucament, G. (1981). Effects of sewage sludge and compost on soil porosity and aggregation. Journal of Environmental Quality, 4 (1), 556-561. Pagliai, M. & Vittori Antisari, L., (1993). Influence of waste organic matter on soil micro- and macrostructure. Bioresource Technology. 43(3), 205-213. Pal, S., Patel, N., Malik, A., Sharma, A., Pal, U., Rosin, K.G., & Singh, D.K. (2023). Eco-friendly treatment of wastewater and its impact on soil and vegetables using flood and micro-irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 275, 108025. Perfect, E., Kay, B.D., Vanloon, W.K.P., Sheard, R.W. & Pojasok, T. (1990). Factors influencing soil structural stability of moist aggregate. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 70, 33-42. RahimiAlashti, S., Bahmanyar, M.A., Ghajarspanloo, M. (2012). The effects of sewage sludge application on pH, EC, O.C, Pb, and Cd in soil and lettuce and radish plants. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 18(3), 133-149. [In Persian] Ramulu, U.S.S. (2002) Reuse of Municipal Sewage and Sludge in Agriculture. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur India, 342 p. Rohani Shahraki, F., Mahdavi, R., & Rezaee, M. (2005). Effect of Irrigation with Wastewater on Certain Soil Physical and Chemical Properties. Journal of Water and Wastewater (Ab va Fazilab), 16(1), 23-29. [In Persian] Rostagno, C.M. & Sosebee, R.E. (2001). Surface application of biosolids in the Chihuahuan Desert: Effects on soil physical properties. Arid Land Research and Management, 15, 233–244. Saadat, K., Barani Motlagh, M., Dordipour, A., & Ghasemnezhad, A. (2013). Influence of sewage sludge on some soil properties, yield, and concentration of lead and cadmium in roots and Shoots of Maize. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 2(2), 27-48. [In Persian] Saber, M.S.M. (1986). Prolonged Effect of Land Disposal of Human Wastes on Soil Conditions. Water Science and Technology, 18, 371-374. Safari, Y. (2023). Review of food security indices in Iran and the forgotten role of soil. Land Management Journal, 11(1), 15-29. [In Persian] Schaefer, C. (1999). The application of sewage sludge for soil remediation. Restoration and reclamation review, A Student on-line Journal, 5(3), 1-7. Scheidegger, A.E. (1960). The Physics of Flow Through Porous Media. The Macmillan Company, NY, 372 p. Shahbazi, F., Ghasemi, S., Sodaeizadeh, H., Pourdara, H., & Ayaseh, K. (2018). The Effects of Sewage Sludge on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil and Wheat Yield. Water and Soil Science, 28(2), 193-206. [In Persian] Shirani H., Hajabbasi M.A., Afyuni M., & Hemmat A. (2002). Effect of farmyard and tillage systems on soil physical properties and corn yield in central Iran. Soil & Tillage Research, 68, 101-108. Shirani, H., HajAbbasi, M., Afyouni, M., & Dashti, H. (2010). Cumulative Effects of Sewage Sludge on Soil Physical and Chemical Characteristics. Journal of Water and Wastewater (Ab va Fazilab), 21(3), 28-36. [In Persian] Siegrist, R.L. (1987). Soil clogging during subsurface wastewater infiltration is affected by e.uent composition and loading rate. Journal of Environmental Quality, 16, 181-187. So, H.B., & Aylmore, L.A.G. (1993). How do sodic soils behave? The effects of sodicity on soil physical behavior. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 31, 761–777. Sort, X. & Alcañiz, J.M. (1999). Effects of sewage sludge amendment on soil aggregation. Land Degradation and Development, 10, 3–12. Staub, M., Laurent, J.P., Morra C. & Gourc, J.P. (2009). TDR calibration in MSW is affected by material effects and moisture distribution. LTHE, University of Grenoble, BP 53-38041 Grenoble Cedex, France, pp.1-10. Taqvaian, S., Alizadeh, A. & Danesh, Sh. (2007). The effect of using wastewater on the physical and chemical properties of soil. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 1(1), 49-60. [In Persian] Tarchitzky, J., Chen, Y., & Banin, A. (1993). Humic substances and pH effects on sodium and calcium montmorillonite flocculation and dispersion. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52, 1449–1452. Tester, C.F. (1990). Organic amendment effects on physical and chemical properties of sandy soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 54 (1), 827-831. Thomas R.E., Schwartz W.A. & Benedixen T.W. (1966). Soil chemical changes and infiltration rate reduction under sewerage spreading. Soil Science Society of America. Proceeding, 30, 641–646. Tsadilas, C.D., Mitsios, I.K. & Golia, E. (2005). Influence of biosolids application on some soil physical properties. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36, 709–716. Vandevivere, P. & Baveye, P. (1992). Saturated hydraulic conductivity reduction caused by aerobic bacteria in sand columns. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 56, 1-13. Vaseghi, S., Afyuni, M., Shariatmadari, H. & Mobli, M. (2005). Effect of Sewage Sludge on Some Macronutrient Concentration and Soil Chemical Properties. Journal of Water and Wastewater (Ab va Fazilab), 53, 15-22. (In Persian) Vinten, A.J.A., Minelgrin, U. & Yaron, B. (1983). The effect of suspended solids in wastewater on soil hydraulic conductivity: II. Vertical distribution of suspended solids. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 47, 408-412. Vivani, G., & Lovino, M. (2004). Wastewater reuse effects on soil hydraulic conductivity. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 130(6), 476–484. Wysocka, A., Stępniewski, W. & Horn, R. (2007). Swelling-shrinkage properties and hydraulic conductivity of a compacted coal mine tailing rock likely to be used for landfill capping. International Agrophysics, 21, 405-408. Xanthoulis, D. & Wallender, W.W. ( 1991). Furrow Infiltration and Design with Cannery Wastewater. Transactions of ASABE, 34(6), 2390-2396. Yeates, G.W. (1995). Effect of sewage effluent on soil fauna in a Pinus-radiata plantation. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 33, 555-564. Zadhosh, A. & Fardad, H. (1996). Investigating the effects of irrigation with wastewater on soil and plants. Master's thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran. [In Persian] Zhang, S., Grip, H. & Lovdahl, L. (2006). Effect of soil compaction on hydraulic properties of two loess soils in China. Soil & Tillage Research, 90, 117–125. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 535 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 275 |
||