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بررسی اثر تنشهای خشکی و شوری بر شاخص سطح برگ، برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بهرهوری مصرف آب کنجد در منطقه گرم و خشک استان یزد | ||
تنشهای محیطی در علوم زراعی | ||
مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 08 مهر 1403 اصل مقاله (1.44 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22077/escs.2024.6770.2239 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
الهه سیفی پور1؛ نجمه یرمی* 2؛ ابوالفضل عزیزیان2؛ غلامحسن رنجبر3 | ||
1دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان | ||
2استادیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان | ||
3دانشیار، گروه زراعت و باغبانی، مرکز ملی تحقیقات شوری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد | ||
چکیده | ||
خشکی و شوری از مهمترین چالش های کشاورزی در مناطق خشک و نیمهخشک هستند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی شاخص سطح برگ، برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی و بهره وری مصرف آب کنجد رقم اولتان در شرایط تنشهای همزمان خشکی و شوری بود. برای این منظور آزمایشی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه اردکان در سال زراعی 1398-1399 به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل سه سطح آبیاری با دورهای 4، 8 و 12 روز و چهار سطح شوری آب شامل 1.5، 4، 7 و 10 دسی زیمنس بر متر بود. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش دور آبیاری از 4 به 12 روز باعث کاهش حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ بهمیزان 49 درصد، افزایش 14 درصدی شاخص سبزینگی و کاهش 15 درصدی پتانسیل آب برگ شد و اثر معنیدار بر دمای سطح برگ نداشت. افزایش شوری از 1.5 به 10، کاهش 58 درصدی حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ، افزایش 18 درصدی دمای سطح برگ، کاهش 40 درصدی شاخص سبزینگی و کاهش 17 درصدی پتانسیل آب را بهدنبال داشت. افزایش شوری آب آبیاری از 1.5 به 4، 7 و 10، باعث کاهش 35، 80 و 96 درصدی عملکرد دانه شد. افزایش دور آبیاری از 4 به 8 و 12 روز، به ترتیب باعث کاهش معنیدار 55 و 51 درصدی بهرهوری مصرف آب شد. نتایج اثر متقابل نیز نشان داد که در همه صفات مورد بررسی بهجز پتانسیل آب برگ اختلاف معنی داری بین دورهای آبیاری 8 و 12 روز در همه سطوح شوری مشاهده نشد. اگرچه بیشترین عملکرد دانه و بهرهوری مصرف آب در تیمار شوری 1.5 و دور 4 روز مشاهده شد اما بر اساس نتایج بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیکی، عملکرد دانه و بهرهوری مصرف آب کنجد به خصوص در شرایط کمبود آب استفاده از دور آبیاری 12 روز بهجای دور 8 روز در همه سطوح شوری قابل توصیه است. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
آب شور؛ پتانسیل آب برگ؛ دمای پوشش سبز؛ دور آبیاری؛ رقم اولتان | ||
مراجع | ||
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