Water-Super Absorbent Polymer Increases Biomass Production Under Drought in Safflower, Alfalfa, and Common Vetch

Afsharmanesh, G. (2010). Evaluation of some morphological characteristics and selection of drought resistant varieties of alfalfa in Jiroft. Ecophysiology Journal, 3, 109-118.

Ahmad, S., Ahmad, R., Ashraf, M., & Waraich, E.A. (2006). Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) response to drought stress at germination and seedling growth stages. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(2), 647-654.

Ahmadi, A., Khasheai Sivaki, A., & Bagheri Moghadam, M. (2013). Assess the impact of K zeolite on time and emergence percentage of Cuminum cyminum. In Twelfth Conference on irrigation and evaporation reduction. Kerman, Iran.

Ahmed, A.F. (2024). Enhancing water use efficiency and phytochemical responses of fenugreek plants cultivated under drought stress using superabsorbent hydrogel. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 36, 1-10. https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.36.2024.122137

Albalasmeh, A.A., Mohawesh, O., Gharaibeh, M.A., Alghamdi, A.G., Alajlouni, M.A., & Alqudah, A.M. (2022). Effect of hydrogel on corn growth, water use efficiency, and soil properties in a semi-arid region. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 21, 518-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2022.03.001.

Antolin, M. C., Yoller, J., & Sanchez-Diaz, M. (1995). Effects of temporary drought on nitrate fed and nitrogen-fixing alfalfa plants. Plant Science, 107, 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(95)04108-7

Araújo, E.D., Assis, M.O., Guimarães, C.M., Araújo, E.F., Borges, A.C., & Cunha, F.F. (2024). Superabsorbent polymers and sanitary sewage change water availability during the cowpea emergence phase. Nativa, 12(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.31413/nat.v12i1.16922

Armandpisheh, A., Allah Dadi, A., Ebadi, A., & Keliaie, A.A. (2010). Reducing the adverse effects of stress with applying zeolite on the characters of seed in rapeseed (Brassica napus L). Plant and Ecosystem, 6(24), 67- 75.

Azzam, R. (1980). Tailoring polymeric gels for soil reclamation and hydroponics. Communication in Soil Science Plant Analysis, 16 (10), 1123-1138. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103628509367670

Barnabas, B., Jager, K., & Feher, A. (2008). The effect of drought and heat stress on reproductive processes in cereals. Plant, Cell and Environment, 31, 11–38.

Berenguer, M.G., & Faci, J.M. (2001). Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) yield compensation processes under different plant densities and variable eater supply. European Journal of Agronomy, 15, 43- 55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1161-0301(01)00095-8

Biehl, J., Sandén, H., & Rewald, B. (2023). Contrasting effects of two hydrogels on biomass allocation, needle loss, and root growth of Picea abies seedlings under drought. Forest Ecology and Management, 538, 120970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120970.

Cakir, R. (2004). Effect of water stress at different development stages on vegetative and reproductive growth of corn. Agronomy Journal, 89, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.01.005

Estill, K., Delany, R. H., Smith, W. K., & Ditterline, R. L. (1991). Water relations and productivity of alfalfa leaf chlorophyll variants. Crop Science, 31, 1229-1233. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1991.0011183X003100050030x

Dhiman, J., Prasher, S.O., ElSayed, E., Patel, R.M., Nzediegwu, C., & Mawof, A. (2021). Effect of hydrogel based soil amendments on yield and growth of wastewater irrigated potato and spinach grown in a sandy soil. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 23, 101730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101730.

Gajurel, G., Hasan, R., & Medina-Bolivar, F. (2024). Water-deficit stress induces prenylated stilbenoid production and affects biomass in peanut hairy roots: Exploring the role of stilbenoid prenyltransferase downregulation. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 210, 108596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108596

Hans, J., Bohnert, G., & Richad, G. (1996). Strategies for engineering water stress tolerance in plants. Journal of Trends in Biotechnology, 14, 89.97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(96)80929-2

Hassani, A. (2006). Effect of water deficit stress on growth, yield and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 22(3), 256-261.

Heidari , H., Jahansooz, M.R., Yunusa, I., Hosseini, S.M.B., Chaichi, M.R., & Jafari, A.A. (2011). Effect of alternate irrigation on root-divided Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5, 205-213.

Hojati, M.m, Zareei, M., Simkesh Zadeh, N., & Bani Nasab, B. (2007). The effect of different amounts of natural zeolite on growth of Trigonella Foenum. In Abstracts of the fifth congress of Iranian horticultural science. Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran, September 15, 2007. 396 p.

Huttermann A., Zommorodi, M., & Reise, K.  (2006). Addition of hydrogels to the soil for prolonging the survival of Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to drought. Journal of Soil Tillage Research, 50, 295-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00023-9

Jia, H., Xia, M., Li, J., Li, H., Chang, D., Yan, D., Lai, M., Wei, Y., Chang, P., Yang, X., & Ji, X. (2024). Effect and mechanism of biochar-based hydrogel to alleviate drought stress in tobacco. Plant Stress, 12, 100499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stress.2024.100499.

Karimi, A., Noshadi, M., & Ahmadzadeh, M. (2009). Effects of super absorbent ‎polymer (Igeta) on crop, soil water and irrigation interval. Journal of Crop ‎Production and Processing, 12 (46), 403-414. http://jcpp.iut.ac.ir/article-1-‎‎1132-fa.html

Kishor, N., Khanna, M., Rajanna, G.A., Singh, M., Singh, A., Singh, S., Banerjee, T., Patanjali, N., Rajput, J., & Kiruthiga, B. (2024). Soil water distribution and water productivity in red cabbage crop using superabsorbent polymeric hydrogels under different drip irrigation regimes. Agricultural Water Management, 295, 108759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108759.

Meher Shivakrishna, P., Ashok Reddy, K., & Manohar Rao, D. (2018). Effect of PEG-6000 imposed drought stress on RNA content, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves and roots. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(2), 285-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.04.008

Mirzakhani, M., & Sibi, M. (2010). Safflower physiological characteristics response to water stress and apply of zeolite. In Abstracts of the second national conference on agriculture and sustainable development, opportunities and challenges ahead, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran, March 11-12, 2010. P 21.

Molnar, I., Gaspar, L., Stehli, L., Dulai, S., Sarvari, E., Kiraly, I., Galiba, G., & Molnar-Lang, M. (2002). The effects of drought stress on the photosynthetic processes of wheat and of Aegilops biuncialis genotypes originating from various habitats. In Proceeding of the seventh Hungarian Congress on Plant Physiology. Acta Biologia, 46, 115-116.

Nazarli, H., Zardashti, M.R., Darvishzadeh, R., & Najafi, S. (2010). The effect of water stress and polymer on water use efficiency, yield and several morphological traits of sunflower under greenhouse condition. Iranian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2, 53-58. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb244823

Ober, E.S., Bloa, M., Clark, C.J.A., Royal, A., Jaggard, K.W., & Pidgeon, J.D. (2005). Evaluation of physiological traits as indirect selection criteria for drought tolerance in sugar beet. Journal of Field Crops Research, 91, 231-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.012

Paknejad, F., Majidi heravan, E., Noor mohammadi, Q., Siyadat, A., & Vazan, S. (2007). Effects of drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content and grain yield of wheat cultivars. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 5, 162-169.

Palanivelu, S.D., Gan, S., Salleh, K.M. Lindsey, K., Sairi, F., Che-Othman, M.H., & Zakaria, S. (2023). Assessment of bio-based hydrogel as an alternative growth medium for seed germination and seedling growth in urban farming. Cellulose, 30, 7791-7803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05334-1

Piccoli, I., Camarotto, C., Squartini, A. Longo, M., Gross, S., Maggini, M., Cabrera, M. L., & Morari, F. (2024). Hydrogels for agronomical application: from soil characteristics to crop growth: a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 44, 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-024-00958-4

Poresmaiil, P., Habibi, D., & Roshan, B. (2007). Superabsorbent polymer a way for reducing agricultural water use. Agricultural and Natural Resources Engineering Disciplinary Organization, 15, 80-82.

Rane, J., Maheshwari, M., & Nagarajan, S. (2001). Effect of pre-anthesis water stress on growth, photosynthesis and yield of six wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 6, 53-60.

Reimov, N.B., & Auezov, I.A. (2024). The necessity to use hydrogels in conditions of island water shortage in the aral region. Acta Innovations, 51, 9–14. https://doi.org/10.62441/ActaInnovations.51.2

Sadeghi, H., Mousavi, S.Q.R., Seqeh Alaslam, M.J., & Alizadeh, A. (2007). The effect of deficit irrigation on the yield and yield components of millet nutrifeed. In Sixth national conference of agricultural sciences and natural resources of young researchers club, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, December 7-8, 2007, P 199.

Sanchez, F.J., Manzanares, M., Andres, E.F., Ternorio, J.L., Ayerbo, L., & Deandles, E.F. (1998). Turgor maintenance, osmotic adjustment and soluble sugar and proline accumulation in pea cultivars in response to water stress. Field Crops Research, 59(3), 225-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00125-7

Sannino, A., Mensitieri, G., & Nicolais, L. (2004). Water and synthetic urine sorption capacity of cellulose based hydrogels under a compressive stress field.  Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91(6), 3791-3796. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.13540

Seyed Sharifi, R., & Seyed Sharifi, R. (2008). Evaluation the effects of Polyethylene glycol on germination and growth seedling Carthamus cultivars. Iranian Journal of Biology, 21, 400-410.

Siddique, M.R.B., Hamid, A., & Islam, M.S. (2000). Drought stress effects on water relations of wheat. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 41, 35-39.

Taheri Asghari, M. (2010). Effects of water deficit stress on some characteristics of chicory (Cichorium intybus l.) under different plant densities. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 2(3), 147-155.

Tohidi Moghaddam, H. R., Shirani Rad, A. H., NourMohammadi, G.h., Habibi Modarres, D., Sanavy, S. A. M., Mashhadi Akbar-Boojar, M., & Dolatabadian, A. (2009). Response of six oilseed rape genotypes to water stress and hydrogel application. Agricultural Research in the Tropics Journal, 39, 243-250.

Turner, N.C., & Kramer, P.J. (1980). Adaptation of plant to water and high temperature stress. Wiley Interscience, New York.

Turner, N.C., Shrestha, R.K.H.M., Siddique, D.W., & Speijers, J. (2006). A water deficit during pod development in lentils reduces flower and pod number but not pod size. Journal of Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57(4), 427-438. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR05225