پیوندهای مفید
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 21 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 353 |
| تعداد مقالات | 3,936 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 5,388,645 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 3,608,470 |
Gray and White Water Footprint Estimation in a Greenhouse Production | ||
| Water Harvesting Research | ||
| دوره 6، شماره 2، 2023، صفحه 288-299 اصل مقاله (1.08 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22077/jwhr.2024.7347.1131 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Amir Hossein Rezapour1؛ Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan2؛ Hamid Abdolabadi* 3 | ||
| 1PhD Candidate, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Professor, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Optimizing water use in agriculture is crucial for sustainable resource management and increased productivity. Water footprint analysis, which measures the total water used directly and indirectly throughout a product's life cycle, offers valuable insights for improving water management practices. This study investigated the gray and white water footprints of a greenhouses cultivation, bell pepper, under different conditions including misting and pot cover. Evapotranspiration rates were used to calculate water demand under various scenarios. Nitrate (NO3), potassium (K), and total phosphorus (TP) were monitored as key chemical parameters to calculate the gray water. Three scenarios including stringent (S1), normal (S2), and lenient (S3) are established based on water quality standards. The findings revealed that misting and covering pots significantly reduced the gray water footprint compared to non-misting or uncovered scenarios. The total gray water footprint for bell peppers under misting and covered conditions was 2976 m3/ton, while it reached 3968m3/ton under non-misting and uncovered conditions, this represents a reduction of nearly 33% due to the combined effect of misting and pot cover. Importantly, water quality standards also played a significant role, with stricter standards leading to a higher gray water footprint (e.g., a difference of 2655m3/ton between scenarios S1 and S3 under misting and covered conditions).The white water footprint, representing freshwater directly used for cultivation, also varied across different scenarios. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Bell Pepper؛ Gray Water Footprint؛ Greenhouse Cultivation؛ Irrigation؛ White Water Footprint | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ababaei, B., & Etedali, H. R. (2014). Estimation of water footprint components of Iran’s wheat production: Comparison of global and national scale estimates. Environmental processes, 1, 193-205.
Aligholinia, T. Sheibany, H. Mohamadi, O., & Hesam, M. (2019), Comparison and evaluation of blue,green and gray water footprint of wheat indifferent climates of Iran. Iranian Water Resources Research, 15(3), 234-245 [In Farsi].
Allan, J. A. (1993). Fortunately there are substitutes for water otherwise our hydro-political futures would be impossible. Priorities for water resources allocation and management, 13, p.26.
Anaya-Esparza, L. M., Mora, Z. V. D. L., Vázquez-Paulino, O., Ascencio, F., & Villarruel-López, A. (2021). Bell peppers (Capsicum annum L.) losses and wastes: Source for food and pharmaceutical applications. Molecules, 26(17), 5341.
Azam, A., Amin, A., Yaser, V. R., Kazem, J., & Naser, N. (2012). Agricultural water foot print and virtual water budget in Iran related to the consumption of crop products by conserving irrigation efficiency. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 10, 1-14.
Behmanesh, J. (2016). Determination and evaluation of blue and green water footprint of dominant tillage crops in Urmia lake watershed. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 23(3), 337-344.
Cao, X., Bao, Y., Li, Y., Li, J., & Wu, M. (2023). Unravelling the effects of crop blue, green and grey virtual water flows on regional agricultural water footprint and scarcity. Agricultural Water Management, 278, 108165.
CCME. Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life: AMMONIA. Canadian environmental quality guidelines. Winnipeg, Canada; 2010. 8 p.
EC–European Commission. (2006). Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy and amending directive 2000/60/CE; 2006.
Flores-Velazquez, J., Mendoza-Perez, C., Rubiños-Panta, J. E., & Ruelas-Islas, J. D. R. (2022). Quality and yield of bell pepper cultivated with two and three stems in a modern agriculture system. Horticulturae, 8(12), 1187.
Gao, R., Zhao, D., Zhang, P., Li, M., Huang, H., Zhuo, L., & Wu, P. (2023). Driving factor analysis of spatial and temporal variations in the gray water footprint of crop production via multiple methods: A case for west China. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 1104797.
Hoekstra, A. Y. (2003). Virtual water trade: proceedings of the international expert meeting on virtual water trade, Delft, The Netherlands, 12-13 December 2002, Value of Water Research Report Series No. 12.
Hoekstra AY, Chapagain AK (2008) Globalization of water: Sharing the planet’s freshwater resources. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK.
Hoekstra, A. Y. (2011). The water footprint assessment manual: Setting the global standard. Routledge.
Iran Environmental Organization (2015). Iranian water quality standard. Deputy Minist Hum Environ.
Kabir, M. Y., Nambeesan, S. U., Bautista, J., & Díaz-Pérez, J. C. (2021). Effect of irrigation level on plant growth, physiology and fruit yield and quality in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 281, 109902.
Kalvani, S. R., Sharaai, A. H., AbdManaf, L., & Hamidian, A. H. (2019). Water footprint of crop production in Tehran province. Planning Malaysia, 17, 1-13.
Khalili, T., Sarai Tabrizi, M., Babazadeh, H., & RamezaniEtedali, H. (2019). Water Resources Management of Qom Province by Using the Concept of Water Footprint. Iranian journal of Ecohydrology, 6(4), 1109-1119.
Li, Y., Yin, Y., & Zhang, W. (2023). Water Footprint Assessment of Major Crops in Henan Province and Reduction Suggestions. Water, 15(6), 1135.
Mehla, M. K., Kothari, M., Singh, P. K., Bhakar, S. R., & Yadav, K. K. (2023). Water footprint assessment and its importance in Indian context: a meta-review. Water Supply, 23(8), 3113-3127.
MEP-PRC. (2012). Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB3838-2002). Natl Stand People’s Repub China, 12.
Moosavi, S. F., Haghighi, M., & Parnianifard, F. (2023). Effect of Fruit Pruning on Qualitative and Performance Indices of Two Bell Pepper Cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Vegetables Sciences, 7(1), 61-79.
Novoa, V., Ahumada-Rudolph, R., Rojas, O., Sáez, K., De La Barrera, F., & Arumí, J. L. (2019). Understanding agricultural water footprint variability to improve water management in Chile. Science of the total environment, 670, 188-199.
Novoa, V., Rojas, O., Ahumada-Rudolph, R., Arumí, J. L., Munizaga, J., de la Barrera, F., ... & Rojas, C. (2023). Water footprint and virtual water flows from the Global South: Foundations for sustainable agriculture in periods of drought. Science of the Total Environment, 869, 161526.
OECD. Surface Water Quality Regulation in EECCA Countries: Directions for Reform [Internet]. OECD Publishing Paris; 2008. p. 13.
Padrón, R. A. R., Nogueira, H. D. M., Cerquera, R. R., Ben, L. H. B., Kopp, L. M., & Braga, F. (2016). Estimation of water requirements of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in five municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil. Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia, 33(2), 162-180.
Piri, H., & Sarani, R. (2020). Investigation of Economic Productivity of Crop Products in Sistan and Baluchestan Province by Water Footprint Approach. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 51(5), 1093-1104.
Rahimi, F. (2021). Check the traces of cucumber. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development, 8(3), 23-30.
Rahimipour Anaraki, M. R., Mohammadi, A., Rafieian, M., Arjmandi, R., & Karimi, S. (2022). Evaluation of Virtual Water and Water Footprint of Crop Production (Case study: Qaleganj County). Journal of Arid Regions Geographic Studies, 11(41), 77-92 [In Persian].
Razavi, S.S., & Davari, K. (2013). The role of virtual water in managing water resources. Journal of Water and Sustainable Development, 1, 9-18 [In Persian].
Tabatabaei, H., Mardani, S., & Zareabyaneh, H. (2014). Effects of Water Stress on Growth Indices, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Pepper Plant in Greenhouse Condition. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, 28(1), 63-71.
Wang, Q., Huang, K., Liu, H., & Yu, Y. (2023). Factors affecting crop production water footprint: A review and meta-analysis. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 36, 207-216.
Xu, Y., Huang, K., Yu, Y., & Wang, X. (2015). Changes in water footprint of crop production in Beijing from 1978 to 2012: a logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 180-187.
Zhuo, L., & Hoekstra, A. Y. (2017). The effect of different agricultural management practices on irrigation efficiency, water use efficiency and green and blue water footprint. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 4(2), 185. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 635 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 525 |
||
نماد الکترونیک
سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب