American College of Sports Medicine. (2006). ACSM’s advanced exercise physiology (Vol. 143). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Askew, E., Hecker, A., Coppes, V., & Stifel, F. (1978). Cyclic AMP metabolism in adipose tissue of exercise-trained rats. Journal of Lipid Research, 19(6), 729-736.
Azizi, M., & Hosseini, R. (2013). Relationship between physical activity level and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in male college students. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport, 1(2), 110-123. [Persian]
Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., Long, J. Z. (2012). A PGC1-[agr]-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature, 481(7382), 463-468.
Bouchard, C. (2015). Molecular and Cellular Regulation of Adaptation to Exercise. Academic Press.
Bramlett, S. B., Zhou, J., Harris, R. B., Hendry, S. L., Witt, T. L., & Zachwieja, J. J. (1999). Does β 3-adrenoreceptor blockade attenuate acute exercise-induced reductions in leptin mRNA? Journal of Applied Physiology, 87(5), 1678-1683.
Burguera, B., Proctor, D., Dietz, N., Guo, Z., Joyner, M., & Jensen, M. D. (2000). Leg free fatty acid kinetics during exercise in men and women. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism, 278(1), E113-E117.
Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2004). Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiological Reviews, 84(1), .277-359
Carey, G. B., Wotjukiewicz, L. J., Goodman, J. M., Reineck, K. E., & Overman, K. C. (2004). Extracellular cyclic AMP and adenosine appearance in adipose tissue of sus scrofa: effects of exercise. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 229(10), 1026-1032.
Carlsson, B. (1986). Ethical issues in animal experimentation-view of the animal rightist. Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 554, 50-68.
Cero, C., Lea, H. J., Zhu, K. Y., Shamsi, F., Tseng, Y. H., & Cypess, A. M. (2021). β 3-Adrenergic receptors regulate human brown/beige adipocyte lipolysis and thermogenesis. JCI Insight, 6(11), e139160.
De Matteis, R., Lucertini, F., Guescini, M., Polidori, E., Zeppa, S., Stocchi, V., Cuppini, R. (2013). Exercise as a new physiological stimulus for brown adipose tissue activity. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 23(6), 582-590.
Ellsworth, D. L., Coady, S. A., Chen, W., Srinivasan, S. R., Boerwinkle, E., & Berenson, G. S. (2005). Interactive Effects Between Polymorphisms in the β‐Adrenergic Receptors and Longitudinal Changes in Obesity. Obesity, 13(3), 519-526.
Emorine, L. J., Marullo, S., Briend-Sutren, M. M., Patey, G., Tate, K., Delavier-Klutchko, C., & Strosberg, A. D. (1989). Molecular characterization of the human beta 3-adrenergic receptor. Science, 245(4922), 1118-1121.
Fani, F., Abbasi, D., Abdi, A. (2015). The effect of 8 weeks of endurance training and nitric oxide on Apelin in adipose tissue in elderly male’s rats. Journal of Practical Studies of Biosciences in Sport, 4(8), 77-88. [Persian]
Granneman, J. G., & Lahners, K. N. (1994). Analysis of human and rodent beta 3-adrenergic receptor messenger ribonucleic acids. Endocrinology, 135(3), 1025-1031.
Handschin, C., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2008). The role of exercise and PGC1α in inflammation and chronic disease. Nature, 454(7203), 463.
Harms, M., & Seale, P. (2013). Brown and beige fat: development, function and therapeutic potential. Nature Medicine, 19(10), 1252-1263.
Himms-Hagen, J., Cui, J., Danforth, E., Taatjes, D., Lang, S., Waters, B., & Claus, T. (1994). Effect of CL-316,243, a thermogenic beta 3-agonist, on energy balance and brown and white adipose tissues in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 266(4), R1371-R1382.
Kolditz, C. I., & Langin, D. (2010). Adipose tissue lipolysis. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 13(4), 377-381.
Kurokawa, N., Nakai, K., Kameo, S., Liu, Z. M., & Satoh, H. (2003). Relationship between the β3-adrenoceptor gene variant and body fat in Japanese children. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 201(4), 271-276.
Lee, G. H., Proenca, R., Montez, J., Carroll, K., Darvishzadeh, J., Lee, J., & Friedman, J .(1996). Abnormal splicing of the leptin receptor in diabetic mice. Nature, 379(6566), 632-635.
Lowell, M., PhD, BB, & Flier, M., JS. (1997). Brown adipose tissue, β3-adrenergic receptors, and obesity. Annual Review of Medicine, 48(1), 307-316.
Nahmias, C., Blin, N., Elalouf, J., Mattei, M., Strosberg, A., & Emorine, L. (1991). Molecular characterization of the mouse beta 3-adrenergic receptor: relationship with the atypical receptor of adipocytes. The EMBO Journal, 10(12), 3721.
Nijkamp, F. P., Engels, F., Henricks, P., & Van Oosterhout, A. (1992). Mechanisms of beta-adrenergic receptor regulation in lungs and its implications for physiological responses. Physiological Reviews, 72(2), 323-367.
Pappachan, J. M., Chacko, E. C., Arunagirinathan, G., & Sriraman, R. (2011). Management of hypertension and diabetes in obesity: non-pharmacological measures. International Journal of Hypertension, 2011, 1-6.
Richterova, B., Stich, V., Moro, C., Polak, J., Klimcakova, E., Majercik, M., Harant, I., Viguerie, N., Crampes, F., Langin, D., Lafontan, M., Berlan, M. (2004). Effect of endurance training on adrenergic control of lipolysis in adipose tissue of obese women. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89(3),1325–1331.
Roca, P., Rodriguez, A. M., Oliver, P., Bonet, M. L., Quevedo, S., Picó, C., & Palou, A. (1999). Brown adipose tissue response to cafeteria diet-feeding involves induction of the UCP2 gene and is impaired in female rats as compared to males. Pflügers Archiv, 438(5), 628-634.
Santti, E., Huupponen, R., Rouru, J., Hanninen, V., Pesonen, U., Jhanwar‐Uniyal, M., & Koulu, M. (1994). Potentiation of the anti‐obesity effect of the selective β3‐adrenoceptor agonist BRL 35135 in obese Zucker rats by exercise. British Journal of Pharmacology, 113(4), 1231-1236.
Shirkhani, S., Marandi, M., Kazeminasab, F., Ghaedi, K., Esfarajani, F., Nasr-Esfahani, M. (2019). The effect of endurance training and high-fat diet on the expression of Pgc1α and Ucp1 in subcutaneous adipose and brown tissues of C57BL / 6 male mice. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 15(29), 89-102. [Persian]
Siddle, K., & Hales, C. (1975). Hormonal control of adipose tissue lipolysis. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 34(3), 233-239.
Silva, A. S., & Zanesco, A. (2010). Physical exercise, β-adrenergic receptors, and vascular response. Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, 9(2), 47-56.
Silva, J. E., & Rabelo, R. (1997). Regulation of the uncoupling protein gene expression. European Journal of Endocrinology, 136(3), 251-264.
Snyder, E. E., Walts, B., Pérusse, L., Chagnon, Y. C., Weisnagel, S. J., Rankinen, T., & Bouchard, C. (2004). The human obesity gene map: the 2003 update. Obesity Research, 12(3), 369-439.
Srivastava, S., & Veech, R. L. (2019). Brown and brite: the fat soldiers in the anti-obesity fight. Frontiers in Physiology, 10, 38.
Wajchenberg, B. L. (2000). Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocrine Reviews, 21(6), 697-738.
Weyer, C., Gautier, J., & Danforth, J. E. (1999). Development of Beta 3- Adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes an update. Diabetes & Metabolism, 25(1), 11-21.
Xu, X., Ying, Z., Cai, M., Xu, Z., Li, Y., Jiang, S. Y., ... & Sun, Q. (2011). Exercise ameliorates high-fat diet-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunction, and increases adipocyte progenitor cell population in brown adipose tissue. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 300(5), R1115-R1125.
Yoshimura, E., Kumahara, H., Tobina, T., Matsuda, T., Ayabe, M., Kiyonaga, A., ... & Tanaka, H. (2014). Lifestyle intervention involving calorie restriction with or without aerobic exercise training improves liver fat in adults with visceral adiposity. Journal of Obesity, 2014, 1-8.
Zipursky, A. (2003). The genetics of childhood disease and development: A series of review articles. Pediatric Research, 5(1), 721-725.
Zou, C., & Shao, J. (2008). Role of adipocytokines in obesity-associated insulin resistance. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 19(5), 277-286.