Review of the agro-ecology, phytochemistry, postharvest technology and utilization of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)

Abrams, B., Duncan, D., & Hertz-Piccioto, I. (1993). A prospective study of dietary intake and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in HIV-sero-positive homosexual men. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 8, 949-958.

Abuye, C., Omwega, A. M., & Imungi J. K. (1999). Familial tendency and dietary association of goitre in Gamo-Gofa, Ethiopia. East African Medical Journal, 76, 447-451.

Adedapo, A., Falayi, O., & Oyagbemi, A. (2014). The anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the methanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera in some laboratory animals. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal (FASEB), 28(1), 657.19.

Akanni, O. E., Adedeji, A. L., & Oloke, K. J. (2014). Upregulation of TNF-α by ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaves in benzene-induced leukemic Wister rat: a possible mechanism of anticancer property. Cancer Research. 74(19), 3792-3792. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3792

Akhtar, A. H., & Ahmad, K. U. (1995). Anti-ulcerogenic evaluation of the methanolic extracts of some indigenous medicinal plants of Pakistan in aspirin-ulcerated rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 46, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)01220-T

Amaglo, N. K., Bennett. R. N., & Lo Curto, R. B. (2010). Profiling selected phytochemicals and nutrients in different tissues of the multipurpose tree Moringa oleifera L., grown in Ghana. Food Chemistry, 122, 1047-1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.073

Amuthaselvi, G., Varadharaju, N., & Ganapathy, S. (2014). Effect of sorage temperatures on respiration of Moringa pods (PKM-1). Madras Agricultural Journal, 101(4-6), 193-196. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B20T

Anderson, D. M. W., Bell, P. C., Gill, M. C. L., McDougall, F. J., & McNab, C. G. A. (1985). The gum exudates from Chloroxylon swietenia, Sclerocarya caffra, Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera. Phytochemistry, 25(1), 247-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94540-0

Anwar, F., & Bhanger, M. I. (2003). Analytical characterization of Moringa oleifera seed oil grown in temperate regions of Pakistan. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(22), 6558-6563. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0209894

Anwar, F., Latif, S., Ashraf, M., & Gilani, A. H. (2007). Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 21(1), 17-25.

Aregheore, E. B. M. (2002). Intake and digestibility of Moringa oleifera-batiki grass mixtures by growing goats. Small Ruminants Research, 46, 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(02)00178-5

Asres, K. (1995). The major constituents of the acetone fraction of Ethiopian Moringa stenopetala leaves. Mansoura Journal of Pharmacological Science, 11(1), 55-64.

Atsukwei. D., Eze, E. D., & Adams, M. D. (2014). Hypolipidaemic effect of ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. in experimentally induced Hypercholesterolemic Wistar Rats. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Science 3, 355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0526-3

Bamishaiye, E. L., Olayemi, F. F., Awagu, E. F. & Bamshaiye, O. M. (2011). Proximate and phytochemical composition of Moringa oleifera leaves at three stages of maturation. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 3(4), 233-237.

Berkovich, L., Earon, G., & Ron, I. (2013). Moringa oleifera aqueous leaf extract down-regulates nuclear factor-kappa B and increases cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Complement Alternative Medicine, 13, 212. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-212

Bridgemohan, P. (2010). The potential bio-energy crops in the renewable thrust for the Caribbean.  In: Lugo, W.I. & Colon, W. Proceedings of the 46^th Annual Meeting of the Caribbean Food Crops Society, "Protected Agriculture: A Technological Option for the Competitiveness of the Caribbean " Boca Chica, Dominican Republic. 11-17 July 2010. pp. 120-125.

Bridgemohan, P. (2011). Production and Partitioning of Dry Matter in Leren (Calathea allouia (Aubl.) Lindl). Journal of Agriculture, 95(1-2), 35-43.

Bridgemohan, P. (2014). Agronomic and invasive weed risk assessment of three potential bioenergy fuel species. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 6(11), 790-796.

Bridgemohan, P., &. Knights, M. (2010). Nutrient Analysis of Moringa oliefera as a High Protein Supplement for Animals.  Advances in Animal Biosciences, 1(2), 428-429. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S2040470010000543

Bridgemohan, P., Mohamed, M., & Bridgemohan, R. S. H. (2016). In vitro analysis of the dissolution rate of canine uroliths using Moringa oliefera root extracts. African Journal of Food Science and Technology, 5 (5), 125-128. https://doi.org/10.14303/ajfst.2014.041.

Bridgemohan, P., Mohammed, M., & Bridgemohan, R. S. H. (2018). Fruit and vegetable phytochemicals: Capsicums. In: Chemistry and Human Health, 2^nd Edition (Yahia E.M. ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. UK, Chapter 45, 957-968.

Bridgemohan, P., Mohammed, M., Bridgemohan, R. S. H, & Mohammed, Z. (2019). Hot Peppers VIII. Reduction of microbial and pigment deterioration in  processed Caribbean peppers. Journal of Food Research, 8 (2), 32-41. https://doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n2p32

Brilhante, A. V., Augusto, K. L., Portela, M. C., Sucupira, L. C., Oliveira, L. A., Pouchaim, A. J., Nóbrega, L. R., Magalhães, T. F., & Sobreira, L. R. (2017). Endometriosis and ovarian Cancer: An integrative review (Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer). Asian Pacific Journal Cancer Prevention Cancer, 18(1), 11-16. https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.1.11

Chodur, G. M., Olson, M. E., Wade, K. L., Katherine, K., Stephenson, K. K., Nouman, W., & Fahey, J. W. (2018). Wild and domesticated Moringa oleifera differ in taste, glucosinolate composition, and antioxidant potential, but not myrosinase activity or protein content. Scientific Report, 8, 7995. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26059-3

Chumark, P., Khunawat, P., & Sanvarinda, Y. (2008). The in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant properties, hypolipidaemic and antiatherosclerotic activities of water extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. Journal Ethnopharmacology, 116, 439–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep

Coppin, J. P., Xu, Y., & Chen, H. (2013). Determination of flavonoids by LC/MS and anti-inflammatory activity in Moringa oleifera. Journal of Functional Food, 5, 1892–1899. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcf114 

Davoodi, M. G., Vijayanand, P., Kulkarni, S. G., & Ramana, K. V. R. (2007). Effect of different pre-treatments and dehydration methods on quality characteristics and storage stability of tomato powder. Food Science and Technology, 40, 1832-1840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2006.12.004

Diatta, S. (2001). Supplementation for pregnant and breastfeeding women with Moringa oleifera powder. In: Fulgie, L.J. Workshop Proceedings on Developmental potential for Moringa Products. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, October 2001. pp.1-4.

Emmanuel, S. A., Olajide, O. O., & Abubakar, S. (2014). Phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera seeds. American Journal of Ethnomedicine 1, 346–354.

Fahey, J. W. (2005). Moringa oleifera: A review of the medical evidence for its nutritional, therapeutic, and prophylactic properties. Part 1. Trees for Life Journal, 1(5), 2105-2185.

Foidl, N., & Paul, R. (2008) Moringa oleifera. In: The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nutrition. ABI, Oxfordshire, 509-512.

Förster, N., Ulrichs, C., Schreiner, M., Arndt, N., Schmidt, R., & Mewis, I. (2015). Ecotype variability in growth and secondary metabolite profile in Moringa oleifera: Impact of sulfur and water availability. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 63(11), 2852-2861. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf506174v

Fotouo-M, H., du Toit, E. S., & Robbertse, P. J. (2016). Effect of storage conditions on Moringa oleifera Lam. seed oil: Biodiesel feedstock quality. Industrial Crops and Products, 84, 80-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.01.032

Garcia, S. N., Mlambo, V., Mnisi, C. M., Lallo, C. H. O., & Bridgemohan, P. (2016). A comparative analysis of the potential protein value of some agro-industrial by-products for ruminant animals. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 93 (3), 185-196. https://doi.org/0041-3216/2016/030185-12

Goordeen, A. (2018). Postharvest quality attributes of fresh-cut moringa pods. Final Year Project, Department of Food Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture, University of the West Indies. 45pp.

Goordeen, A. (2019). Proximate Analysis of Moringa Plant Parts. Poster, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Research Day, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad.

Gopaul, J. M., & Bridgemohan. P. (2014). Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a plant growth regulator on pak choi seedlings. In: Zimmmerman, T.W., Crossman, S.M.A., Chichester, E. & Colón, W.  . Proceedings of the 50^th Annual Meeting of the Caribbean Food Crops Society-Enhancing Family Farms Through Sustainable Energy, Research and Technology-. Sugar Bay Resort and Spa, St. Thomas, U.S.Virgin Islands. 7-11 July 2014. pp. 168-169.

Hassan, F. A. S., & Fetouh, M. I. (2019). Does moringa leaf extract have preservative effect improving the longevity and postharvest quality of gladiolus cut spikes? Scientia Horticulturae 250, 287-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.02.059

Ijarotimi, O. S., Adeoti, O. A., & Ariyo, O. (2013). Comparative study on nutrient composition, phytochemical, and functional characteristics of raw, germinated, and fermented Moringa oleifera seed flour. Food Science and Nutrition, 1(6), 452-463. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70 

Irfan, H. M., Asmawi, M. Z., Khan, N. A. K., & Sadikun, A. (2016). Effect of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves on body weight and Hyperglycemia of diabetic rats. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 15,112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.08.006

Kader, A. A., & Watkins, C. B. (2001). Modified atmosphere packaging: toward 2000 and beyond. Horticultural Technology 10, (3), 483-486. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.10.3.483

Kasolo, J. N., Bimenya, G. S., Ojok, L., Ochieng, J., & Ogwal-Okeng, J. W. (2010). Phytochemicals and uses of Moringa oleifera leaves in Ugandan rural communities. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(9), 753-759.

Katayon, S., Noor, M. M. M., Asma, M., Ghani, L. A., Thamer, A. M., Azni, I., & Suleyman, A. M. (2006). Effects of storage conditions of Moringa oleifera seeds on its performance in coagulation. Bioresource Technology, 97(13), 1455-1460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.07.31

Kitinoja, L, Tokala, V. Y. & Mohammed, M. (2019). Clean cold chain development and the critical role of extension education. Agriculture for Development, 36 (3), 19-25.

Kitinoja, L., Yadav, V. T., & Brondy, A. (2018). Challenges and opportunities for improved postharvest loss measurements in plant-based food crops. Journal of Postharvest Technology, 06(4), 16-34.

Kurokawa, M., Wadhwani, A., & Kai, H. (2016). Activation of cellular immunity in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected mice by the oral administration of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam, leaves. Phytotherapy Research, 30,797-804. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5580

Lea, M. A., Akinpelu, T., & Amin, R. (2012).  Inhibition of growth and induction of differentiation of colon cancer cells by extracts from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and drumstick (Moringa oleifera). Cancer Research, 72 (8),203.

Leone, A., Spada, A., & Battezzati, A. (2015). Cultivation, genetic, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Moringa oleifera leaves: an overview. International Journal of Molecular Science, 16, 12791-12835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160612791

Ma, Z. F., Ahmad, J., Zhang, H., Khan, I., & Muhammad, S. (2019). Evaluation of phytochemical and medicinal properties of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) as a potential functional food. South African Journal of Botany, (In press). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.12.002

Mahmoud, M. A. (2019). “Effect of treated Moringa oleifera seed powder on improving nutritional quality of cake.” International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 8 (1), 1-8.

Maina, I. W., Obuseng, V., & Nareetsile, F. (2016). Use of Moringa oleifera seed pods and Sclerocarya birrea (Morula) nut shells for removal of heavy metals from wastewater and borehole water. Journal of Chemistry, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9312952

Matshediso, P. G., Cukrowska, E., & Chimuka, L. (2015). Development of pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for essential compounds from Moringa oleifera leaf extracts. Food Chemistry, 172, 423-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.047

Mohammed, M., & Bridgemohan, P. (2019). Postharvest handling and utilization of exotic plants. In: Mohammed, M. Workshop on Production and Postproduction recommendations for Tropical Exotic Fruits and Vegetables, Trinidad, 10 November 2019. (In Press).

Mohammed, M., Bridgemohan, P., Graham, O., Wickham, L., Bridgemohan, R.S.H. & Mohammed, Z. (2019). Postharvest physiology, biochemistry and quality management of chili plum (Spondias purpurea var. Lutea): A Review. Journal of Food Research, 8(3), 1-15.  https://doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v8n3p1 

Mubvuma, M. T., Mapanda, S., & Mashonjowa, E. (2013). Effect of storage temperature and duration on germination of moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera). Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3(5), 427-432. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2013.3.121912328

Nandave, M., Ojha, S. K., & Joshi, S. (2009.) Moringa oleifera leaf extract prevents isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage in rats: evidence for an antioxidant, antiperoxidative, and cardioprotective intervention. Journal of Medicinal Food, 12, 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2007.0563

Nayak, S. & Khuntia, S. K. (2019). Development and study of properties of Moringa oleifera fruit fibers/polyethylene terephthalate composites for packaging applications. Composites Communications, 15, 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2019.07.008

Nouman, W., Anwar, F., & Gull, T. (2016). Profiling of polyphenolics, nutrients and antioxidant potential of germplasm’s leaves from seven cultivars of Moringa oleifera Lam. Industrial Crops and Products, 83, 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.032

Odee, D. (1998). Forest biotechnology research in drylands of Kenya: the development of Moringa species. Dryland Biodiversity, 2, 7–12.

Oguntibeju, O. O., Aboua, G. Y., & Omodanisi, E. I. (2019). Effects of Moringa oleifera on oxidative stress, apoptotic and inflammatory biomarkers in streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal model. South African Journal of Botany, (In Press). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.08.039

Olayemi, A. B., & Alabi, R. O. (1994). Studies on traditional water purification using Moringa oleifera seeds. African Study Monographs, 15(3), 135-142.

Otunola, G. A., Arise, A. K., Sola-Ojo, F. E., Nmom, I. O. & Toye, A. A. (2013). The effects of addition of Moringa leaf waste fiber on proximate and sensory characteristics of cookies. Agrosearch, 13(1), 69-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v13i1.7

Palada, M. C., & Chang, L. C. (Eds.) (2003). Suggested Cultural Practices for Moringa. International Cooperators’ Guide, AVRDC. AVRDC Publication # 03-545, 5pp.

Pathak, V. N. & Shrivastava, D. N. (1969). Epidemiology and prevention of Diplodia stem end rot of Mango Fruits. Phytopathology, 65, 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1969.tb03056.x

Peiris, K. H. S., Mallon, J. L., & Kays, S. J. (1997). Respiratory rate and vital heat of some specialty vegetables at various storage temperatures. Horticultural Technology, 7 (1), 46-49.  https://doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.1.46

Ponnuswami, V. (2019). Advances in Production of Moringa, All India Co-ordinated Research Project- Vegetable Crops. Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu. pp. 604-625.

Price, M. L. (1985). The Moringa Tree: An echo technical note. 17pp.

Radovich, T. (2009). Farm and forestry production and marketing profile for Moringa (Moringa oleifera). In: Specialty Crops for Pacific Island Agroforestry (Elevitch, C.R. ed.). Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawaii 22-40. http:// agroforestry.net/scps.

Radovich, T. J. K. & Paull, R. (2008). Early growth, leaf yield, protein content and pod yield of four Moringa accessions in Hawai‘i. Horticultural Science, 43, 1135.

Rahaman, I. M., Barua, S., Nazimuddeen, M., Begum, Z. A., & Hasegawa, H. (2009). Physicochemical properties of Moringa oleifera Lam seed oil of the indigenous cultivar of Bangladesh. Journal of Food Lipids, 16, 540-553.

Rajendran, S., Indurani, C., & Arumuganathon, T. (2016). Utilization of deseeded moringa pods in food fortification and value addition. Advances in Life Sciences, 5(21), 9786-9789.

Rashid, U., Anwar, F., Moser, B. R., & Knothe, C. (2008). Moringa oleifera oil: possible source of biodiesel. Bioresource Technology, 99, 8175-8179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.066 

Ratshilivha, N., Awouafack, M. D., du Toit, E. S., & Eloff, J. N. (2014). The variation in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of acetone leaf extracts of 12 Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) trees enables the selection of trees with additional uses. South African Journal of Botany, 108, 272-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2016.10.021

Rikhotso, M. M., Magwaza, L. S., & Tesfay, S. Z., (2019). Evaluating the efficacy of chitosan and CMC incorporated with moringa leaf extracts on reducing peteca spot incidence on ‘Eureka’ lemon.  Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56 (11), 5074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03980-7

Saini, R. K., Saad, K. R., & Ravishankar, G. A. (2013). Genetic diversity of commercially grown Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivars from India by RAPD, ISSR and cytochrome P450-based markers. Plant Systematics and Evolution, 299, 1205–1213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0789-7

Saini, R. K., Shetty, N. P., Prakash, M., & Giridhar, P. (2014). Effect of dehydration methods on retention of carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity in Moringa oleifera leaves and preparation of a RTE product. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51, 2176-2182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1264-3

Saini, R. K., Sivanesan, I., & Keum, Y. S. (2016). Phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera: a review of their nutritional, therapeutic and industrial significance. Biotechnology, 6(2), 203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0526-3

Sallau, A. B., Mada, S. B., Ibrahim, S., & Ibrahim, U. (2012). Effect of boiling, simmering and blanching on the antinutritional content of Moringa oleifera leaves. International Journal of Food Nutrition and Safety, 2(1), 1-6.

Sangeetha, V., Swaminathan, V., Beanlah, A., Rajkumar, A., & Venkatesan, K. (2017). “Effect of time     of harvest, method of harvest and prepackaging calcium chloride treatments on shelf life and quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera) cv. PKM. International Journal Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 6(4), 212-221. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.025 

Santos, T. R. T., Silva, M. F, & Nishi, L. (2016). Development of a magnetic coagulant based on Moringa oleifera seed extract for water treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 7692-7700. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-6029-7

Selvi, A., & Varadharaju, N. (2016). Controlled atmosphere storage of moringa pods. In: Navarro, S. Jayas, D. S., & Amlagusundarram, K. Proceedings of the 10^th International Conference on Controlled Atmosphere and Fumigation in Stored Products. New Delhi, India. 6-11 November 2016. pp. 62-66.

Singh, K. & Panday, U.B. (1993). Export of vegetables status and strategies. Progressive Hortorticulture, 21(2), 60-65.

Soliman, N. K., Moustafa, A. F., Aboud, A. A., & Halim, K. S. A. (2019). Moringa seeds waste as anew green environmental adsorbent for removal of industrial toxic dyes. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 552, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2018.12.010

Sreelatha, S., Jeyachitra, A., & Padma, P. R. (2011). Antiproliferation and induction of apoptosis by Moringa oleifera leaf extract on human cancer cells. Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 49, 1270–1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.006

Tesfay, S. Z., & Magwaza, L. S. (2017). Evaluating the efficacy of moringa leaf extract, chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose as edible coatings for enhancing quality and extending postharvest life of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 11, 40-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-019-03980-7

Tetteh, O. N. A., Ulrichs, C., Huyskens-Keil, S., Mewis, I., Amaglo, N. K., Oduro, I. N., & Förster, N. (2019). Effects of harvest techniques and drying methods on the stability of glucosinolates in Moringa oleifera leaves during post-harvest. Scientia Horticulturae, 246, 998-1004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.089

Thompson, J. F. (2004). The Commercial Storage of Fruits, Vegetables, and Florist and Nursery Stocks. USDA Agriculture Handbook Number 66. http://www.ba.ars.usda.gov/ hb66/011precooling.pdf 5.

Tripathi, J., &   Variyar, P. S. (2018). Effect of gamma irradiation on the shelf-life and physico-chemical quality of ready-to-cook (RTC) drumstick (Moringa oleifera) pods. Food Science and Technology, 88, 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.10.014

Vázquez-León, L. A., Páramo-Calderón, D. E., Robles-Olvera, V. J., Valdés-Rodríguez, O. A., Pérez-Vázquez, A., García-Alvarado, M. A., & Rodríguez-Jimenes, G. C. (2017). Variation in bioactive compounds and antiradical activity of Moringa oleifera leaves: influence of climatic factors, tree age, and soil parameters. European Food Research and Technology, 243(9), 1593-1608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-017-2868-4

Vinoth, B., Manivasagaperumal, R., & Balamurugan, S. (2012). Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2(3), 98-102.

Viyas, D. V., & Mahendrakumar, P. P. (2018). Studies on storage of Moringa oleifera pods (Drumsticks). M.Tech. Thesis. http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810074776.

Waterman, C., Cheng, D. M., & Rojas-Silva, P. (2014). Stable, water extractable isothiocyanates from Moringa oleifera leaves attenuate inflammation in vitro. Phytochemistry 103, 114–122.  https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.03.028.

Yang, R. Y., Chang, L. C., Hsu, J. C., Weng, B. B., Palada, M. C., Chadha, M. L., & Levasseur, V. (2006). Nutritional and functional properties of Moringa leaves–From germplasm, to plant, to food, to health. Moringa leaves: Strategies, standards and markets for a better impact on nutrition in Africa. Moringa News, CDE, CTA, GFU. Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-013-0291-8.

Yu, P., Christensen, D. A., & McKinnon, J. J. (2004). In situ rumen degradation kinetics of timothy and alfalfa as affected by cultivar and stage of maturity. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 84, 255-263. https://doi.org/10.4141/a03-116

Zhang, D., Long, H., Zheng, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2014). Effects of planting density and cultivation technology on agronomic characters of Moringa oleifera in dry-hot valley of Yuanmou. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(5), 1870-187.